IP address structure & Subnet Masking

• What are the two parts of an IP address?

  Network identifier and host identifier
• Why are IP addresses split into network and host identifiers?

  To manage networks and route data efficiently
• What is a subnet?

  A part of a larger network
• How does a subnet mask identify the network identifier part of an IP address?

  It converts IP addresses into binary for AND operation
• What is the subnet mask for the IP address 120.176.134.54?

  11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
• What does a subnet mask value of 1 indicate?

  It indicates bits of the network ID
• What happens if devices are on the same subnet?

  They share the same network ID
• What is required for data to be sent to devices not on the same subnet?

  It must go through a router or gateway
• What is a network socket?

  An endpoint of communication flow
• How are sockets created?

  In software, not hardware
• What components make up a TCP/IP socket?

  IP address and port number
• How does a computer communicate with a server?

  By sending a request using IP and port
• When can sockets be created?

  At any time to establish a connection
• What is the process of subnetting and its purpose?

  • Divides a network into smaller parts
  • Each part is a subnet
  • Improves network management
  • Enhances routing efficiency
• What are the key functions of a subnet mask?

  • Identifies network and host portions
  • Converts IP addresses to binary
  • Facilitates AND operations for routing