Ultrasound

• What is the frequency range of ultrasound?

  Above 20,000 Hertz
• Why can some animals produce ultrasound naturally?

  For communication or echolocation
• How do humans produce ultrasound?

  Using electrical devices
• How does ultrasound generation work?

  Electrical oscillations convert to sound waves
• What happens when ultrasound hits a boundary between two mediums?

  Some waves are reflected, some transmitted
• What is partial reflection in ultrasound?

  Only some waves are reflected at boundaries
• How can we determine the distance to a boundary using ultrasound?

  By knowing speed and reflection time
• Why is ultrasound considered safe?

  It does not involve radiation
• What is a common use of ultrasound in medicine?

  Scanning fetuses
• How does ultrasound imaging work for fetuses?

  Waves reflect off boundaries to create images
• What happens when ultrasound waves pass from one medium to another?

  Some waves are reflected back
• How are echoes processed in ultrasound imaging?

  Processed by a computer to produce images
• What is the industrial use of ultrasound?

  Checking the quality of products
• How does ultrasound detect faults in solid objects?

  Reflected waves indicate unexpected cracks
• What is echo sounding also known as?

  Sonar
• How do boats use ultrasound in sonar?

  To sense submarines and objects underwater
• If a submarine fires ultrasound at 1400 m/s and detects it after 6 seconds, what is the distance to the seafloor?

  4,200 meters
• What equation is used to calculate distance in ultrasound?

  Distance = speed × time
• Why do we divide the total distance by two in sonar calculations?

  To account for the return trip of waves
• What are the applications of ultrasound technology?

  • Prenatal scanning
  • Industrial imaging
  • Sonar for underwater detection
• What are the key processes involved in ultrasound imaging?

  1. Generation of ultrasound waves
  2. Interaction with boundaries
  3. Reflection and transmission of waves
  4. Processing of echoes to create images