microscopes and bacteria

• What does microscopy refer to?

  The use of microscopes
• What are the main components of a light microscope?

  Base, arm, light source, stage, lenses
• What is the function of the base in a light microscope?

  Supports the entire microscope
• What connects the base to the top of a light microscope?

  The arm
• What type of light source is used in some microscopes?

  A lamp or a mirror
• Where is the microscope slide placed in a light microscope?

  On the stage
• How many objective lenses are typically found in a light microscope?

  Three objective lenses
• What are the possible magnifications of the objective lenses?

  10x, 20x, and 50x
• What is the role of the eyepiece lens in a light microscope?

  It has a fixed magnification
• What are the coarse and fine focusing knobs used for?

  To help focus the image
• What does the term 'object' refer to in microscopy?

  The real object being observed
• What does the term 'image' refer to in microscopy?

  The visual representation seen through the microscope
• How does light travel through a light microscope?

  It reflects through the object and lenses
• What is magnification in microscopy?

  How many times larger the image is than the object
• What is the equation for magnification?

  Magnification = image size / object size
• What is resolution in microscopy?

  The shortest distance between distinguishable points
• How does resolution affect the image quality?

  Higher resolution means more detail and less blur
• How can two images of the same magnification differ in quality?

  One may have higher resolution than the other
• What happens if the resolution is low?

  The image appears blurry and lacks detail
• What are the key components of a light microscope and their functions?

  • Base: Supports the microscope
  • Arm: Connects base to top
  • Light source: Illuminates the object
  • Stage: Holds the microscope slide
  • Objective lenses: Provide different magnifications
  • Eyepiece lens: Fixed magnification for viewing
  • Coarse and fine focusing knobs: Adjust focus
• What is the relationship between object, image, magnification, and resolution in microscopy?

  • Object: Real sample being observed
  • Image: Visual representation seen
  • Magnification: Size comparison of image to object
  • Resolution: Clarity and detail of the image
• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Advantages of an electron microscope
• What is the main function of microscopes?

  To magnify images of specimens
• What did early microscopes look like?

  They looked much simpler than modern ones
• What important discoveries have light microscopes allowed us to make?

  Structures inside cells, like the nucleus
• What is a limitation of light microscopes regarding magnification?

  They have limited magnification power
• What is another major problem with light microscopes?

  They have limited resolution
• What does limited resolution mean for light microscopes?

  The image appears blurred and lacks detail
• What type of microscope was invented to explore cell structures in detail?

  Electron microscope
• What are the key advantages of electron microscopes?

  Greater magnification and resolution
• How can you calculate the magnification of a microscope?

  Size of image divided by size of real object
• What equation is used to calculate magnification?

  Magnification = size of image / size of real object
• What will you be given in the exam regarding magnification calculations?

  The equation for magnification
• If the image size of the nucleus is 45 mm and the real diameter is 0.01 mm, what is the magnification?

  4,500 times
• If the image size of a mitochondrion is 30 mm and the real size is 0.03 mm, what is the magnification?

  1,000 times
• How do you calculate the size of the real object if you know the image size and magnification?

  Size of image divided by magnification
• If the image size is 87 mm and the magnification is 2,000 times, what is the real size of the cell?

  0.435 mm
• What are the advantages of electron microscopes over light microscopes?

  • Much greater magnification
  • Higher resolution
  • Ability to see fine details in specimens
• What are the steps to calculate magnification?

  1. Measure the size of the image
  2. Measure the size of the real object
  3. Use the formula: Magnification = size of image / size of real object
• What is the significance of the resolution in microscopy?

  • Determines clarity of the image
  • Affects the ability to see fine details