cell biology

• What are the two main types of cells discussed?

  Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
• What is a key feature of both animal and plant cells?

  They have a nucleus
• What does the nucleus contain in eukaryotic cells?

  Genetic material (DNA)
• How is the genetic material organized in eukaryotic cells?

  It is enclosed in a nucleus
• What are the two additional features of eukaryotic cells mentioned?

  Cell membrane and cytoplasm
• What is critical to remember about the cell membrane?

  It should not be called the cell wall
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• How is the genetic material organized in prokaryotic cells?

  It is not enclosed in a nucleus
• What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

  They are much smaller
• What does the genetic material of bacteria consist of?

  A single loop of DNA
• What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

  Small rings of DNA
• What additional structure do prokaryotic cells have besides the cell membrane?

  A cell wall
• What type of cell wall do prokaryotic cells have?

  Bacterial cell wall
• What do prokaryotic cells contain besides the cell membrane and cell wall?

  Cytoplasm
• What are the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  Similarities:

  • Both have a cell membrane
  • Both contain cytoplasm

  
  

  Differences:

  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not
  • Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells
• Where can you find questions on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  In the vision workbook
• What are specialized cells?

  Cells that have differentiated for specific functions
• What is the function of a palisade cell?

  Light absorption and photosynthesis
• How is a palisade cell adapted for its function?

  It has a large surface area and many chloroplasts
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Responsible for photosynthesis
• What is the function of red blood cells?

  Oxygen transport
• Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?

  To provide a large surface area
• What is the significance of red blood cells lacking a nucleus?

  It allows more room for hemoglobin
• What is the function of nerve cells?

  Transmitting nerve impulses
• How are nerve cells adapted for their function?

  They are long and have connections at each end
• What is the role of sperm cells?

  To fuse with an egg cell to produce a zygote
• What adaptations do sperm cells have for their function?

  They have a tail, many mitochondria, and enzymes
• What is the function of the ovum?

  To fuse with sperm to form a zygote
• What are the characteristics of an ovum?

  It is large with yolk and an outer layer
• What is the function of ciliated cells?

  To move mucus along
• How do ciliated cells move mucus?

  Using hair-like projections called cilia
• What do goblet cells produce?

  Mucus
• What is the function of root hair cells?

  Intake of water and minerals from soil
• How are root hair cells adapted for their function?

  They have a large surface area
• What is the function of xylem vessels?

  Transporting water
• What are the structural features of xylem vessels?

  Hollowed out cells with strengthened walls
• What material provides extra strength to xylem vessels?

  Lignin
• What is the lumen in xylem vessels used for?

  For water to move through