week 7

• Martha Rogers - SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEINGS
• Martha Rogers was born in 1914 in Dallas, Texas
• Wholeness - human being is considered as united whole
• Openness - a person and his environment are continuously exchanging energy with each other
• Unidirectionality - the life process of human being evolves irreversibly and unidirectional i.e from birth to death
• Pattern and organization - identifies individuals and reflects their innovative wholeness
• Sentence and thought - humans are only organisms able to think, imagine, have language and emotions
• Resonance is an arrangement for human and environment that undergo transformation.
• Helicy is the nature of change is unpredictable, continuous and innovative.
• Integrality is the energy fields of human and environment in a continuous mutual process
• Metaparadigm:

  Person - unitary human being is one of wholeness and community as well
• Metaparadigm:

  Environment - irreducible pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those of the parts.
• Metaparadigm:

  Health - symbolizes wellness and the absence of disease and major illness.
• Metaparadigm:

  Nursing - both art and science and the nurse is a factor in healing environment
• Energy field- constitutes the fundamental unit of both the living and non living
• Field- a unifying concept and energy signifies the dynamic nature
• Pattern- identifies energy fields
• Pandimensionality - a nonliner domain withour spatioal or attribuites
• Rogers - The science “coordinates a universe of open systems to identify the focus of a new paradigm and initiate nursing’s identity as a science”
• Rogers- Her theory focuses nursing interventions on the patient well -being overall and not just their disease state
• Rogers- believed that her model was "never-ending process"
• Orem - “Nursing is the ability to care for another human being, most importantly when they are unable to care for themselves. The ultimate goal is achieving an optimal level of health and wellness for our patients''
• Orem born on 1914 in Baltimore, Maryland
• Orem- self-care deficit
• theory of self-care - which describes why and how people care for themselves
• theory of dependent-care - which explains how family members and/or friends provide dependent-care for a person who is socially dependent.
• e theory of self-care deficit , which describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing
• theory of nursing systems , which describes and explains relationships that must be brought about and maintained for nursing to be produced.
• Self –care comprises the practice of activities that maturing and mature persons initiate and perform, within time frames, on their own behalf in the interest of maintaining life through meeting known requisites for functional and developmental regulations
• Self Care Agent - provides the foundation for understanding the action requirements and action limitations of persons who may benefit from nursing
• Therapeutic self-care - the totality of self-care actions to be performed for some duration in order to meet self-care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations and actions
• Dependent care refers to the care that is provided to a person who, because of age or related factors, is unable to perform the self-care needed to maintain life, healthful functioning, continuing personal development, and well-being
• A self-care deficit occurs when an individual cannot carry out self-care requisites.
• Wholly compensatory support - patient is unable to complete any self-care independently; nursing compensates for patient's inability to perform self-care.
• Partial compensatory support - patient is able to perform self-care tasks with partial or no assistance from nursing.
• Supportive/educative compensatory - patient able to perform tasks independently. Nursing provides ongoing education and support
• The SCDNT differentiates the focus of nursing from other disciplines.
• Imogene King - Goal Attainment Theory
• Imogene King - born on 1923
• Human beings - open system in constant interaction with the environment