Proteus

• Which organism is discussed in this section?

  Proteus mirabilis
• What does the Greek god Proteus represent in this context?

  Proteus mirabilis
• What does Proteus symbolize in Greek mythology?

  A prophetic sea god
• What type of organism is Proteus mirabilis?

  Gram-negative
• What color appears in the gram stain of Proteus mirabilis?

  Pink or red
• What is the morphology of Proteus mirabilis?

  Bacillus
• What does swarming motility refer to in Proteus mirabilis?

  Coordinated movement when plated
• What does it mean that Proteus is urease positive?

  It produces ammonia from urea
• What color indicates a positive urease test?

  Pink
• What does Proteus mirabilis produce when placed in TSI agar?

  Hydrogen sulfide
• What does the black color in TSI agar indicate?

  Production of hydrogen sulfide
• What condition can Proteus mirabilis cause related to the kidneys?

  Kidney stones
• What type of kidney stones can Proteus mirabilis cause?

  Struvite kidney stones
• What do staghorn calculi indicate?

  Infectious cause of kidney stones
• What is the effect of urease on urine pH?

  Increases pH, causing alkalinization
• How does ammonia contribute to kidney stone formation?

  It precipitates minerals in urine
• What symptoms did the patient in the case study exhibit?

  Dysuria and hematuria
• What does a urinary pH of 6.7 suggest about the type of kidney stone?

  Suggests struvite or calcium phosphate stones
• Why is the presence of a staghorn calculus significant?

  Indicates an infectious cause
• What is the correct answer to the case study question?

  An organism that produces ammonia from urea
• What is the treatment for Proteus mirabilis infections?

  Amoxicillin
• What does the quiver of arrows symbolize in the image?

  Treatment with amoxicillin
• How does the presence of urine in the image relate to Proteus mirabilis?

  Indicates urease positivity
• What does the fishy scent associated with Proteus mirabilis indicate?

  Presence of the organism in urine
• What is the significance of the black smoke in the image?

  Indicates hydrogen sulfide production
• What does the term "struvite" relate to in the context of Proteus mirabilis?

  Type of kidney stone caused by the organism
• What is the role of ammonia in the formation of kidney stones?

  It precipitates minerals in urine
• How does the patient's high urinary pH relate to the type of kidney stone?

  Suggests struvite or calcium phosphate stones
• How does the presence of a fishy scent relate to Proteus mirabilis infections?

  Indicates the organism's presence in urine
• What is the role of the automated urinalysis system in the context of kidney stones?

  Detects struvite crystals
• What does the term "hematuria" mean?

  Presence of blood in urine
• How does the presence of a fishy scent relate to Proteus mirabilis infections?

  Indicates the organism's presence in urine
• What does the term "dysuria" refer to?

  Painful urination
• What does the presence of costovertebral angle tenderness suggest?

  Possible kidney involvement
• How does the patient's condition relate to the characteristics of Proteus mirabilis?

  Involves urease positivity and kidney stones