Urban futures

• Key facts about Birmingham

  • Uks 2nd largest city
  • Population of 1.1 million
  • Part of the west midlands
• Inequality in Birmingham

  1. Sparkbrook - 25% unemployment average household income is 21,000 and 49% of children live in poverty
  2. Four Oaks - 3% unemployment average household income is 40,000, 7% of children live in poverty
• Sustainability in Birmingham

  1. Birmingham energy savers= fit old houses with better insulation and double glazed windows
  2. Midland metro = the tram network has created jobs
  3. District energy schemes = city plans to supply power to 40,000 homes by burning waste
  4. High speed rail = connecting London will help regenerate the city
• Migration and Diversity in Birmingham

  1. 40% in Nechells and Aston are from ethnic minorities
  2. Birmingham has a greater % of youthful population than the entire of the UK
• Birminghams Importance

  • A fast growing economic hub with growing industries and investment for further growth
  • 12,000 international students study in one of Birminghams 6 universities
  • The jewellery quater us the largest working jewewllery centre in Europe
• Birmingham way of life

  • The city benefits by the diversity and many different cultures
  • Only 1hr 15mins away from London
  • The population benefits from many companies and shops locating there
• Location and background of mumbai

  Mumbai is on the west coast of india the city has experienced rapid population growth. This has lead to the slums in Dharavi growing in size
• Mumbais importance

  • Finical centre of India
  • Home to Bollywood which is worth billions of dollars
• Mumbais way of life

  • Approximately 1 million people live in Dharavi slums. Many have no electricity,running water or sanitation
  • Recycling rates are extremely high at 80% as people collect waste as an opportunity to make money
  • Some areas of mumbai are extremely wealthy and it is home to many entrepreneurs and millionaires
• Challanges Mumbai faces

  • There is a severe shortage of housing schools and healthcare centres
  • The city suffers from a high crime rate that includes violence and drugs
• Sustainable management in Mumbai

  • The authorities have provided basic materials to improve homes with safe electricity and sewage pipes
  • Gorvernment has demolished houses and created new estates
• What is a push factor

  A factor that draws people out of place such as war and natural disasters
• what is a pull factor

  A factor that draws people in such as Jobs educattion and healthcare
• What is suburbanisation

  The movement of people from city centres to the outskirts
• Environmental consequences of suburbanisation

  Increase of cars adds air polution
• Economic consequences

  People leave centres and they become deserted and unemployment increases which leads to poverty
• Social consequences

  Offices and businesses are abandoned
• What is reurbanisation

  This is the movement of people back into urban areas
• Social consequences of suburbanisation

  1. House prices increase in redeveloped areas
  2. Shops and services benefit from additional residents
• Environmental consequences of suburbanisation

  1. Redevlopment of brownfield sites improves old industrial and polluted areas
  2. Could destroy urban wildlife
• Economic consequences

  • New shops and services will improve local economy
  • Jobs avaliable may no be acessible to original residents
• What is a mega city

  A city with a population over 10 million people
• What is a world city

  Cities that are the centres for trade and business. They hold global influence
• What is urbanisation?

  Increase in people living in urban areas
• When did the UN announce that over 50% of the world’s population lives in urban areas?

  In 2007
• What is a settlement hierarchy?

  • Grouping and classifying settlements by size and shape
• How does the number of services relate to settlement size?

  It increases with settlement size
• What type of services do small settlements provide?

  Low-order services like post offices
• What is the sphere of influence in relation to settlements?

  Area affected by a settlement's services
• What defines a megacity?

  An urban area with over 10 million people
• Where are most megacities located?

  In EDCs and LIDCs
• How is the number of megacities predicted to change by 2030?

  Increase from 28 to 41
• What are world cities?

  Centers for trade and business with global influence
• Name some key world cities.

  London, New York, Tokyo, Paris
• What causes urbanisation?

  Movement from rural to urban areas
• What are push factors for urbanisation?

  • Natural disasters
  • War and conflict
  • Mechanisation
  • Drought
• What are pull factors for urbanisation?

  • More jobs
  • Better education and healthcare
  • Increased quality of life
  • Following family members
• What are the environmental consequences of suburbanisation?

  • New housing damages countryside and habitats
  • Increase of cars adds air pollution
  • Centres become deserted
• What are the economic consequences of suburbanisation?

  • Unemployment increases, leading to poverty
  • Offices and businesses are abandoned
  • Economic and ethnic segregation
• What is counter-urbanisation?

  Movement from city centres to outskirts