Salmonella

• What is the primary species referred to when discussing salmonella?

  Salmonella enterica
• How many salmonella serotypes are there?

  Thousands of salmonella serotypes
• What color is the background used to represent salmonella in the video?

  Red
• What does the term "flagellated" indicate about salmonella?

  It has flagella for movement
• What shape does salmonella appear under a microscope?

  Rod-shaped
• What does the net in the image symbolize regarding salmonella?

  Salmonella is encapsulated
• What does the trail of blood from the fish represent?

  Salmonella spreads hematogenously
• What do the pink bubbles in the water represent?

  Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
• What does the black cloud rising from the food symbolize?

  Hydrogen sulfide production on TSI agar
• What does TSI agar stand for?

  Triple sugar iron agar
• What is the purpose of TSI agar?

  Differentiating enteric organisms
• What do eggs and meat represent in relation to salmonella?

  Reservoirs for salmonella
• What do the rocks and dust in the image symbolize?

  Pets such as turtles are common reservoirs for salmonella
• What do raspberry patches represent in the context of salmonella?

  Salmonella invades through M cells in Peyer's patches
• What are M cells responsible for?

  Selective endocytosis of antigens
• How does salmonella exploit M cells?

  By gaining access to intestinal tissue
• What does the pavilion in the image represent?

  Salmonella is facultative intracellular
• What does being acid labile mean for salmonella?

  Inactivated by gastric acid
• What is Reiter syndrome also known as?

  Reactive arthritis
• What are the classic symptoms of Ryder syndrome?

  Arthritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis
• What does the red vomit in the image symbolize?

  Salmonella causes vomiting
• What does the red water represent?

  Bloody diarrhea caused by salmonella
• What does the number three signify in the context of salmonella?

  Utilizes a type 3 secretion system
• What is a virulence factor of salmonella?

  Endotoxin
• What antibiotic is used to treat osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease?

  Ceftriaxone
• Why should antibiotics not be given for gastrointestinal salmonella infections?

  It prolongs bacterial shedding in stool
• What is the correct treatment for salmonella gastroenteritis?

  Supportive care, no antibiotics
• What does the stool sample reveal in the case study?

  Oxidase negative, non-lactose fermenting organisms
• What does the black color on TSI agar indicate?

  Reduction of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide production
• What is the significance of the patient's bloody stools?

  Suggestive of a bacterial infection
• What does the do not pass sign symbolize?

  Antibiotics should not be given
• What is the outcome of treating salmonella gastroenteritis with antibiotics?

  No benefit, may cause harm
• What is the correct answer to the case study question?

  Increased duration of bacterial fecal excretion
• What is the role of the gut microbiome in Ryder syndrome?

  Influences the pathophysiology of the condition
• What is the relationship between salmonella and sickle cell disease?

  Salmonella can cause osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients
• What is the significance of the fever in the case study?

  Indicates an infection is present
• What does the patient's abdominal pain suggest?

  Possible gastrointestinal infection
• What is the importance of the stool sample in diagnosing salmonella?

  Helps confirm the presence of salmonella
• What does the patient's history of loose bowel movements indicate?

  Possible salmonella gastroenteritis
• What is the significance of the oxidase test in the stool sample?

  Helps differentiate salmonella from other pathogens