week 10

• MARGARET NEWMAN's theory - The Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
• NEWMAN - Born on October 10, 1933
• Young's Theory of Process ➢ Theory of human evolution pinpointed the role of pattern recognition for Newman.
• Bohm’s Theory of Implicate as she developed her model of nursing. ➢ supports Newman’s postulate that disease is a manifestation of the pattern of health
• Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness was stimulated by concern for those for whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible.
• Pattern recognition emerges from a process of uncovering meaning in a person’s life.
• Consciousness is both the informational capacity of the system
• Three Correlates of Consciousness

  1. Time
  2. Space
  3. Movement
• . Movement and Time are an intrinsic part of nursing intervention, that is Range-ofmotion, ambulation, coughing, turning and deep breathing.
• Parse theory: “Human Becoming Theory”
• Human Becoming Theory - man-living health
• Human Becoming Theory - also called as school of thought
• Human Becoming Theory

  1. meaning
  2. rhythmicity
  3. transcendence
• meaning - imaging and valuing language
• rhytmicity - revealing-concealing
• transcendence - now
• contranscending - powering and originating of transforming
• Erickson, Tomlin, Swain - Modeling and Role-modeling Theory
• Swain - Her research interests are health development across the life span and interrelationships among life stressors, healthy development, and illness.
• Modeling is the process the nurse uses as she develops an image and an understanding of the client’s world
• Role-Modeling occurs when the nurse plans and implements interventions that are unique for the client
• Nurturance fuses and integrates cognitive, physiological, and affective processes, with the aim of assisting a client to move toward holistic health.
• Affiliated individuation: an instinctual need for affiliated individuation
• Self-care: use of knowledge, resources, and actions
• Self-Care Knowledge: a person knows what has made him or her sick, lessened his or her effectiveness, or interfered with his or her growth, and what will make him or her well, optimize his or her effectiveness or fulfillment (given circumstances), or promote his or her growth
• Self-Care Resources are “the internal resources, as well as additional resources, mobilized through self-care action that help gain, maintain, and promote an optimum level of holistic health”
• Self-Care Action is “the development and utilization of self-care knowledge and self-care resources”
• Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory has 7 themes