week 11

• Mercer - “Model of Maternal Role Attainment: Becoming a Mother
• Maternal role attainment is an interactional and developmental process occurring over time in which the mother becomes attached to her infant, acquires competence in the caretaking tasks involved in the role, and expresses pleasure and gratification in the role.
• Maternal identity is defined as having an internalized view of the self as a mother.
• Self-esteem as “an individual’s perception of how others view oneself and self-acceptance of the perceptions”.
• Self-concept (self-regard) as “The overall perception of self that includes self-satisfaction, self-acceptance, self-esteem, and congruence or discrepancy between self and ideal self”.
• Flexibility Roles are not rigidly fixed; therefore, who fills the roles is not important. “Flexibility of childrearing attitudes increases with increased development. Older mothers have the potential to respond less rigidly to their infants and to view each situation in respect to the unique nuances”
• Child-rearing attitudes are maternal attitudes or beliefs about child rearing
• Health status as “The mother’s and father’s perception of their prior health, current health, health outlook, resistance-susceptibility to illness, health worry concern, sickness orientation, and rejection of the sick role”.
• Anxiety as “a trait in which there is specific proneness to perceive stressful situations as dangerous or threatening, and as a situation-specific state”.
• Role strain–role is the conflict and difficulty felt by the woman in fulfilling the maternal role obligation
• Gratification-satisfaction: Gratification as “the satisfaction, enjoyment, reward, or pleasure that a woman experiences in interacting with her infant, and in fulfilling the usual tasks inherent in mothering.”
• Attachment is a component of the parental role and identity. It is viewed as a process in which an enduring affectional and emotional commitment to an individual is formed.
• Infant temperament: An easy versus a difficult temperament is related to whether the infant sends hard-to-read cues, leading to feelings of incompetence and frustration in the mother.
• Infant health status is illness causing maternal-infant separation, interfering with the attachment process
• Infant cues are infant behaviors that elicit a response from the mother
• Stress is made up of positively and negatively perceived life events and environmental variables.
• Social support is “the amount of help actually received, satisfaction with that help, and the persons (network) providing that help”.
• exosystem replacing it with the term mesosystem
• Mishel - Uncertainty in Illness Theory
• UNCERTAINTY is the inability to determine the meaning of illness-related events, occurring when the decision maker is unable to assign definite value to objects or events, or is unable to predict outcomes accurately
• COGNITIVE SCHEMA is a person’s subjective interpretation of illness, treatment, and hospitalization
• SYMPTOM PATTERN is the degree to which symptoms occur with sufficient consistency to be perceived as having a pattern or configuration.
• EVENT FAMILIARITY is the degree to which a situation is habitual or repetitive or contains recognized cues.
• EVENT CONGRUENCE refers to the consistency between the expected and the experienced in illness-related events.
• STRUCTURE PROVIDERS are the resources available to assist the person in the interpretation of the stimuli frame.
• CREDIBLE AUTHORITY is the degree of trust and confidence a person has in his or her healthcare providers
• INFERENCE refers to the evaluation of uncertainty using related, recalled experiences.
• ILLUSION refers to beliefs constructed out of uncertainty
• REED - “TRANSCENDENCE THEORY”
• Deductive reformulation uses knowledge from non-nursing theory that is reformulated with a nursing conceptual model in constructing middle-range theory
• Vulnerability is one’s awareness of personal mortality
• Self-transcendence refers to the fluctuations in perceived boundaries that extend persons beyond their immediate and constricted views of self and the world.
• Well-being is “feeling whole and healthy, in accord with one’s own criteria for wholeness and well-being”.
• Wiener & Dodd - “Theory of Illness Trajectory”
• Coping is the response to such disruption
• Illness trajectory is driven by the illness experience
• Person is the focus of this middle-range theory
• Illness-related work: diagnostics, symptom management, care regimen, and crisis prevention
• Everyday-life work: activities of daily living, keeping a household, maintaining an occupation, sustaining relationships, and recreation
• Biographical work: the exchange of information, emotional expressions, and the division of tasks through interactions within the total organization