Lesson 2

• What are the three ages of media evolution mentioned?

  Prehistoric, Industrial, Electronic/Information
• What does "prehistoric" refer to?

  The time before written history
• How many years ago did the prehistoric age occur?

  Approximately 30,000 years ago
• What are the two divisions of the prehistoric age?

  Stone age and metal age
• What did archaeologists believe about handwriting during the prehistoric age?

  A system of handwriting had not yet existed
• What marked the start of the historic period?

  The creation of a writing system
• What is considered the earliest form of traditional media?

  Prehistoric art
• What did prehistoric men draw on caves?

  Animals and nature
• What are the two kinds of rock art mentioned?

  Petroglyphs and pictographs
• What are petroglyphs?

  Carvings or engravings in rocks
• What do pictographs represent?

  Words or phrases through images
• What does the Manunggul Jar represent?

  The journey of the soul in the afterlife
• What is megalithic art?

  Arranging large rocks for a purpose
• When did the Industrial Age begin?

  In the 18th century
• What significant changes occurred during the Industrial Age?

  Birth of factories and machines
• What technological shift occurred in the Industrial Age?

  From hand tools to power-driven tools
• Name one invention from the Industrial Age.

  Steam engine
• What characterizes the Electronic/Information Age?

  Devices that work using electricity
• What is another name for the Electronic Age?

  The computer age
• What does Media Richness Theory suggest?

  Personal communication methods are more effective
• Who introduced Media Richness Theory?

  Richard Draft and Robert Lengel
• What does Information Processing Theory suggest?

  Humans process information actively
• Who developed the Contingency Theory?

  Joan Woodward
• What does Contingency Theory argue?

  Technology influences organization behavior
• What does Media Naturalness Theory propose?

  Face-to-face communication is most natural
• What happens as the distance between sender and receiver increases?

  It becomes harder to process information
• What does Media Synchronization Theory emphasize?

  Communication involves real-time interaction
• What are the two components of Media Synchronization Theory?

  Conveyance and convergence
• What does Channel Expansion Theory focus on?

  Factors shaping perceptions of communication media
• Who proposed Channel Expansion Theory?

  John Carlos and Robert Zimud
• What influences an individual's choice of media for communication?

  Experience with that type of media
• What does Channel Expansion Theory require for evaluation?

  Factors shaping perceptions of communication