C9-Chem of the Atmosphere

Cards (32)

  • What gases were released during intense volcanic activity?
    Volcanic gases
  • How was the early atmosphere similar to Mars and Venus?

    It likely contained mainly carbon dioxide
  • What gas built up in the atmosphere over time?

    Nitrogen
  • What was the composition of the early atmosphere?
    Mainly carbon dioxide and virtually no oxygen
  • Why are theories about Earth’s early atmosphere hard to prove?
    Evidence from 4.6 billion years ago is scarce
  • What happened to water vapor in the early atmosphere?
    It condensed to form oceans
  • How was carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere?
    Through photosynthesis by organisms
  • What happened to carbon as dead organisms were compressed?
    It became locked up in rocks and fossil fuels
  • What are carbonate precipitates?
    Deposits formed from carbonates in oceans
  • What type of rocks are limestone and coal?
    Sedimentary rocks
  • What formed crude oil and natural gas?
    Compressed plankton deposits
  • When did algae evolve?
    About 2.7 billion years ago
  • What percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen today?
    20%
  • What do organisms produce through photosynthesis?
    Oxygen
  • What is the equation for photosynthesis?
    6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
  • What led to the evolution of animals?
    The increase in atmospheric oxygen
  • What gases are present in the atmosphere for the last 200 million years?
    Water vapor, noble gases, and CO₂
  • What is the greenhouse effect?
    Greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate radiation
  • What human activity increases carbon dioxide levels?
    Burning fossil fuels
  • What do farm animals produce that contributes to greenhouse gases?
    Methane
  • What is a consequence of decomposition of land and agricultural waste?
    It releases carbon dioxide and methane
  • What is the relationship between increased CO₂ levels and Earth's temperature?
    Higher CO₂ levels cause temperature increases
  • What are the four possible consequences of climate change?
    • Flooding and erosion in coastal areas
    • Difficulty producing food in certain areas
    • More frequent and severe storms
    • Changes in distribution of wild species
  • What is a carbon footprint?
    It measures greenhouse gas emissions over a lifecycle
  • How can reducing emissions affect carbon footprints?
    It reduces the carbon footprint
  • What do fossil fuels contain that contributes to air pollution?
    Hydrocarbons and sulfur impurities
  • What is carbon monoxide's characteristic?
    It has no color or smell
  • What are the pollutants formed from fossil fuel combustion and their effects?
    • Carbon monoxide: Stops oxygen transport in blood
    • Carbon particulates: Causes respiratory problems
    • Sulfur dioxide: Causes acid rain and damages plants
    • Oxides of nitrogen: Causes respiratory problems
  • What causes carbon monoxide pollution?
    Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
  • What is the effect of sulfur dioxide on the environment?
    It causes acid rain and damages plants
  • What causes respiratory problems related to nitrogen oxides?
    Reaction between nitrogen and oxygen during combustion
  • What is the primary source of nitrogen oxides in the air?
    Burning fuels in car engines