Programming paradigms

• What is the purpose of classes in object-oriented languages?

  To define objects modeling a problem
• What are the four main principles of object-oriented programming?

  • Encapsulation
  • Abstraction
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
• What does encapsulation mean in object-oriented programming?

  Object state is private; public methods interact
• What is abstraction in object-oriented programming?

  Hiding complexities of how an object works
• What is inheritance in object-oriented programming?

  Subclasses inherit properties from parent classes
• What does polymorphism allow in object-oriented programming?

  Objects to take on many different forms
• What do declarative languages describe?

  What should be achieved, not how
• What are domain-specific languages (DSL)?

  Languages designed for specific tasks
• What does SQL allow programmers to do?

  Define desired results without implementation details
• What are the characteristics of procedural and object-oriented programming paradigms?

  • Procedural: Focus on procedures and functions
  • Object-oriented: Focus on objects and classes
• What is a programming paradigm?

  An overall approach to writing program code
• What do imperative languages specify?

  How the problem should be solved
• What is a characteristic of procedural languages?

  Programs can be split into procedures
• What is FORTRAN known for?

  Designing scientific and mathematical problems
• What defines functional languages?

  No mutable data structures, uses math expressions
• How do functions operate in functional languages?

  Functions can call other functions as inputs
• What are the advantages of functional languages for data processing?

  • Ideal for processing big data
  • No mutable data structures
• What is the main focus of functional programming?

  Processing big data efficiently