food tech

• What are hard fruits mentioned in the study material?

  Apple and pears
• Which fruits are classified as soft/berry fruits?

  Strawberries and blueberries
• Name two citrus fruits listed in the material.

  Lemon and lime
• What are stone fruits according to the study material?

  Mango and plum
• Which fruits are categorized as tropical fruits?

  Banana and dragon fruit
• What are the types of vegetables mentioned?

  Fruit and seeds, flowers, leaves, stems, shoots, tubers, roots, bulbs
• Which vegetables are classified as fruit and seeds?

  Cucumber and tomato
• Name two vegetables that are flowers.

  Broccoli and cauliflower
• What vegetables are classified as leaves?

  Lettuce and kale
• Which vegetables are categorized as stems?

  Celery and asparagus
• Name a type of tuber vegetable.

  Potatoes
• Which vegetables are classified as bulbs?

  Onion and garlic
• Why is it recommended to eat 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day?

  To ensure a balanced diet for health
• What nutrients are found in fruit and vegetables?

  B vitamins, carbohydrates, vitamins A, C, E, K, calcium, iron, dietary fiber
• What are the sources of B vitamins mentioned?

  Pulses and lentils
• What is the role of carbohydrates in fruit and vegetables?

  They provide a slow release of energy
• Where is starch stored in vegetables?

  In the roots and tubers
• What is the function of vitamin A?

  Helps with normal vision
• What types of fruits are high in vitamin A?

  Red, orange, and yellow fruits
• What is the role of vitamin C in the body?

  Maintains healthy body tissue and absorbs iron
• Which foods are high in vitamin C?

  Potatoes and all citrus fruits
• How can vitamin C be preserved during cooking?

  Eat raw, blanch, use lids, steam
• What is the function of dietary fiber?

  Helps get rid of waste
• Where is dietary fiber found in fruits and vegetables?

  In the skin, seed, and pip
• Which vegetables are high in dietary fiber?

  Celery, cabbage, and potatoes
• What are the benefits of vitamins E and K?

  Healthy skin, nails, and blood clotting
• Which vegetables are sources of calcium and iron?

  Watercress and spinach
• What happens to potato starch at approximately 60°?

  Starch starts to soften
• What occurs to potato starch at approximately 80°?

  Starch swells and absorbs water
• What are the reasons for processing food?

  • Convenience
  • Saves time
  • Lasts longer
  • Increases shelf life
  • All year round availability
• What are the steps in the process of food processing?

  1. Harvesting and transportation
  2. Receiving
  3. Washing and disinfecting
  4. Pre-cooking
  5. Dipping in agents
  6. Sorting defects
  7. Peel, trim, deseed, cut
  8. Packaging, labelling, storage, distribution
• What is a staple food?

  A common starchy carbohydrate
• What is the Chorleywood process used for?

  Bread making
• What are the benefits of the Chorleywood process?

  Faster mixing and less proving time
• What is the first ingredient used in bread making?

  Strong bread flour
• Why is strong bread flour important?

  It is high in gluten for elasticity
• What activates yeast in bread making?

  Warm water
• What role does yeast play in bread making?

  Produces carbon dioxide for air bubbles
• What happens if the water is too hot for yeast?

  It can kill the yeast
• How long should dough be left to prove?

  30-40 minutes