Cognitive Interview

• How can eyewitness testimony be improved?

  Using the cognitive interview
• What is the cognitive interview (CI)?

  A technique for interviewing crime witnesses
• Why is the cognitive interview important?

  It improves effectiveness of questioning witnesses
• Who reviewed memory literature related to the cognitive interview?

  Fisher and Geiselman
• What are the four components of the cognitive interview?

  Context reinstatement, changed perspective, reverse order, report everything
• What is context reinstatement in the cognitive interview?

  Recreating the environment and emotional state
• What does recalling from a changed perspective involve?

  Recalling the incident from others' viewpoints
• Why is recalling in reverse order used in the cognitive interview?

  To prevent dishonesty and expectations
• What does the report everything technique encourage witnesses to do?

  Report all details, even if trivial
• How does context reinstatement improve eyewitness testimony?

  It prevents context-dependent forgetting
• How does recalling in reverse order improve eyewitness testimony?

  It disrupts expectations and schemas
• How does changing perspective improve eyewitness testimony?

  It disrupts the effect of expectations and schemas
• What is the main purpose of the cognitive interview?

  To improve the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies
• What did Milne and Bull (2002) find about the cognitive interview?

  It improves recall compared to standard interviews
• What did Geiselman et al (1985) demonstrate about the cognitive interview?

  It produces the most accurate recall
• What is a limitation of the cognitive interview?

  It is very time-consuming
• Why might police forces be reluctant to use the cognitive interview?

  Due to time constraints and training needs
• What is a weakness of the cognitive interview regarding information recall?

  It can encourage recalling inaccurate information
• What did Kohnken et al (1999) find in their meta-analysis?

  CI increased both correct and incorrect information
• What does the increase in incorrect information from the CI suggest?

  It questions the accuracy of the interview procedure