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Cards (57)
What are the two common units of concentration discussed in this lesson?
Molarity
and
molality
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Why is molarity commonly used in laboratories and hospitals?
Because it is easy to
calculate
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When is molality preferred over molarity?
When accurate
concentration
is needed amid
temperature
changes
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What is the definition of molarity?
Number of
moles of solute
Dissolved in one
liter
of solution
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What is the unit for molarity?
M
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How can molarity be expressed in terms of volume?
As
mol/L
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Why is molarity easy to use for aqueous solutions?
Because the
solute
is usually solid
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What is a convenient use of molarity?
Converting
moles
to
volume
in liters
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What is a limitation of molarity regarding temperature?
Molarity
is
susceptible
to
temperature
changes
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What causes deviations in molarity due to temperature changes?
Differences in
intermolecular forces
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What is the definition of molality?
Number of
moles of solute
Dissolved in
one kilogram
of solvent
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What
is the unit for molality?
m
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Why is molality independent of temperature changes?
Mass
does not change with temperature
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What is true about masses in relation to intermolecular forces?
Masses are
additive
regardless of forces
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What is the difference in the denominator for molarity and molality?
Molarity uses volume in
liters
, molality uses
mass
in
kilograms
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What is the molarity of a solution with 15 moles of glucose in 2 L?
7.5 M
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What is the molality of a solution with 8 moles of rock salt in 20 kg of water?
0.4
m
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How many moles of sodium phosphate are needed for a 2.5 molal solution in 30 kg of water?
75
moles
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How many moles of potassium acetate are needed for a 1.5 molar solution in 0.250 L?
0.375
moles
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How many grams of benzoic acid are needed for a 2.5 M solution in 500 mL?
152.65
grams
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How many grams of potassium hydrogen phthalate are needed for a 1.5 m solution in 500 g of water?
102.11 grams
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What are the collective groups of units of concentration?
Percentage by mass
Percentage by volume
Percentage by mass per volume
Molarity
Molality
Normality
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What are the formulas for molarity and molality?
Molarity:
M
=
M =
M
=
n
s
o
l
u
t
e
v
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
\frac{n_{solute}}{v_{solution}}
v
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
n
so
l
u
t
e
Molality:
m
=
m =
m
=
n
s
o
l
u
t
e
m
s
o
l
v
e
n
t
\frac{n_{solute}}{m_{solvent}}
m
so
l
v
e
n
t
n
so
l
u
t
e
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What factors are needed to convert molarity to molality?
Density
of the solution and
temperature
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Who are the authors of the referenced textbooks?
Chang
,
Goldsby
,
Handwerker
,
Hawe
,
Petrucci
,
Silberberg
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What is one way to express the concentration of solutions?
Parts per million
(ppm)
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What will you learn in this lesson?
About
mole fraction
,
ppm
, and
ppb
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What is a mole fraction?
Ratio of
moles
of a
substance
to total moles
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How is mole fraction denoted?
By the Greek letter
chi
(𝜒)
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What is the nature of mole fraction as a unit?
It is
unitless
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What should the sum of mole fractions of all components equal?
It should equal
1
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What is the mole fraction of glucose in a solution with 0.50 moles of glucose and 2.50 moles of water?
0.17
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What is the mole fraction of NaCl in a solution with 1.25 moles of NaCl and 3.75 moles of water?
0.25
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What is the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution with 25 g ethanol and 75 g water?
0.12
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What is the mole fraction of KNO<sub>3</sub> in a solution with 10 g KNO<sub>3</sub> and 50 g water?
0.10
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What is the mole fraction of CaCl<sub>2</sub> in a solution with 15 g of CaCl<sub>2</sub> in 50.0 mL of water?
0.046
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What is the mole fraction of naphthalene in a solution with 4.75 g of naphthalene in 250.0 mL of benzene?
0.018
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What does ppm stand for?
Parts per million
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What does parts per million refer to?
A portion out of
one million
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Can ppm be calculated by milligrams solute per milligram solution multiplied by
1
0
6
10^6
1
0
6
?
Yes, it can be calculated this way
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See all 57 cards
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