Program Construction

• What is the purpose of a programming language?

  To write code understandable to the programmer
• Why must programmer's code be translated?

  Because processors can only run machine code
• What are the three types of translators?

  Compiler, interpreter, and assembler
• What does a compiler do?

  Converts high-level language into machine code
• How does an interpreter function?

  Converts code one line at a time
• What does an assembler convert?

  Low-level assembly language into machine code
• What is a high-level language?

  Language independent of specific computer types
• What is source code?

  Programming code not yet translated
• What is object code?

  Translated code that can be executed
• What happens if an interpreter encounters an error?

  It stops the translation process
• What is an advantage of using a compiler?

  Code can be run multiple times after translation
• What is a disadvantage of a compiler?

  Errors are reported only at the end
• What is lexical analysis?

  Removing comments and replacing tokens
• What is parsing in programming?

  Analyzing a string of tokens
• What is a syntax error?

  Error due to incorrect code structure
• What is a runtime error?

  Error that occurs during program execution
• What is a logical error?

  Incorrect behavior due to code mistakes
• What is a linking error?

  Error due to missing library functions
• What is a rounding error?

  Difference between rounded and actual values
• What is a truncation error?

  Difference between truncated and actual values
• What is the definition of a compiler?

  Converts high-level language into machine code
• What is the definition of an interpreter?

  Converts code one line at a time
• What is the definition of an assembler?

  Converts low-level assembly language into machine code
• What is the definition of high-level language?

  Language independent of specific computer types
• What is the definition of source code?

  Programming code not yet translated
• What is the definition of object code?

  Translated code that can be executed
• What are the processes involved in lexical analysis?

  • Remove comments and unneeded spaces
  • Replace keywords, constants, and identifiers with tokens
• What are the processes involved in syntax analysis?

  • Check tokens for correct syntax
  • Produce error messages for syntax errors
• What are the processes involved in semantic analysis?

  • Check variable declarations and usage
  • Ensure correct data types for variables
  • Validate operators for variable types
• What are the processes involved in code generation and optimization?

  • Generate machine code
  • Optimize code for efficiency and speed
• What types of programming errors exist?

  • Syntax errors
  • Runtime errors
  • Logical errors
  • Linking errors
  • Rounding errors
  • Truncation errors