Principles of Programing

• What is a high-level language?

  A programming language that simplifies coding
• Why is a high-level language considered "high-level"?

  It is several steps removed from CPU code
• What is a low-level language?

  A language with basic instructions for CPUs
• What are the two common types of low-level languages?

  Assembly language and machine code
• What is assembly language?

  A low-level language for specific processors
• How is assembly language converted to machine code?

  Using an assembler
• What is a mnemonic in assembly language?

  A short code representing an instruction
• What is machine code?

  A low-level language made of binary digits
• What is program translation?

  Translating code into executable machine code
• What is embedded software?

  Software built into embedded systems
• What are the characteristics of high-level languages?

  • Require translation into machine code
  • Are portable across different systems
  • Use code similar to English
  • Allow access to module libraries
  • Use data types and structures
  • Include selection statements and iteration constructs
  • Use built-in logic operators and functions
• What are the uses of high-level languages?

  • Writing office applications
  • Developing database packages
  • Creating operating systems
  • Building e-commerce software
  • Designing social media apps
• What are the characteristics of low-level languages?

  • Code may be finely tuned for efficiency
  • More system-dependent features available
  • Usually not portable
  • Harder to program due to detail focus
  • Requires more lines of code for the same result
• What is an advantage of low-level languages?

  Translated programs require less memory
• What is machine code's relationship to high-level languages?

  Machine code is the opposite of high-level languages
• What are the uses of low-level languages?

  • Critical execution speed applications
  • Operating systems
  • Device drivers
  • Embedded software
  • Console-specific development software