OOP

• What are the main concepts of object-oriented programming?

  Class, object, instantiation, encapsulation, inheritance
• Why is the object-oriented paradigm used?

  To organize code around objects and their interactions
• What are the object-oriented design principles?

  • Encapsulate what varies
  • Favor composition over inheritance
  • Program to interfaces, not implementation
• What is the focus of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

  Objects and their interactions
• What is an attribute in the context of an object?

  A data item that describes the object
• What data types could attributes like suit and rank have?

  String for suit and rank
• What does a class definition do?

  Defines properties of all objects of the same type
• What is instantiation in OOP?

  Process of creating an object from a class
• What is the purpose of a reference variable in OOP?

  Holds the memory address of an object
• What is the role of methods in OOP?

  Define the behavior of the object
• How does OOP differ from procedural programming when shuffling cards?

  Deck shuffles itself rather than using a separate subroutine
• What does the constructor in a class do?

  Sets initial values for attributes
• What is the name of the constructor method in Python?

  __init__
• What does encapsulation achieve in OOP?

  Binds attributes and methods to protect data
• What are getter and setter methods used for?

  Accessing and modifying attribute values
• What is the significance of access modifiers in encapsulation?

  Specifies which properties can be accessed outside the class
• How does inheritance benefit code management in OOP?

  Reduces repeated code by inheriting attributes and methods
• What is polymorphism in OOP?

  Ability of a method to exhibit different behaviors
• What is aggregation in OOP?

  Defines a one-way "has-a" relationship
• How does composition differ from aggregation?

  Composition specifies an "is-part-of" relationship
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of OOP?

  Advantages:

  • Easier to conceptualize real-world objects
  • Prewritten classes support code reuse
  • Easy to maintain due to modularity
  • High level of data protection through encapsulation

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Can be complex for larger projects
  • Relies on message passing, affecting performance
  • May inherit methods that don't make sense contextually
  • Can consume a lot of memory
• What does UML stand for?

  Unified Modeling Language
• What does a class diagram represent in OOP?

  Classes and their relationships in pictorial form
• What symbols are used in class diagrams for access modifiers?

  +, -, #
• What is the purpose of inheritance diagrams?

  To show class hierarchies and relationships
• How does encapsulation contribute to data hiding?

  It restricts direct access to attributes
• What is the role of message passing in OOP?

  Objects call each other's public methods