the working memory model

    Cards (18)

    • produced by
      baddeley and hitch (1974)
    • central executive
      directs attention to particular tasks
      allocates brains resources- three sub-systems
      data received from ltm or sensory organs
      limited capacity , cannot store data
    • phonological loop
      retains language based info
      inner voice
      inner ear
    • inner voice
      articulatory rehearsal process
      includes language presented visually to convert to a phonological state stored in phonological store
    • inner ear
      holds auditory speech info and order it was heard\or any visually presented language converted by the articulatory process
    • visuo-spatial sketchpad
      used to plan a spatial task
      visual and spatial info temporarily stored here
    • Logie (1995) suggested visuo-spatial sketchpad can be divided into:

      • visual cache which stores info about visual items
      • inner scribe which stores arrangement of objects in visual field
    • episodic buffer
      baddeley (2000)
      general store with limited capacity
      integrates info from central executive , phonological loop , visuo-spatial sketchpad and sends info to LTM
    • hitch and baddeley (1976) supported
      Dual task paradigm
    • how did baddeley and hitch support this?
      procedure - 2 tasks and 1 occupied central executive , 1 occupied articulatory loop OR both
    • what did baddeley and hitch find?
      task 1 slower when task 2 involved central executive and articulatory loop
    • studies of individuals with brain damage support wmm
      shallice and Warrington (1970) studied KF whose stm forgetting of auditory info greater than that of visual stimuli , auditory problems limited to verbal materials (letters / digits) not meaningful sounds , brain damage seemed to be restricted to phonological loop
      Supports idea of seperate visual and spatial systems so supports wmme
    • Problems using case studies of people who suffered brain damage
      traumatic and may change behaviour so people perform worse on certain tasks
      unique individuals and unique injuries so cannot be generalised to population
    • central executive vague and doesn’t explain much
      Critics feel notion of single central executive wrong and there is probably several components
    • evidence of CE vague
      Eslinger and Damasio (1985)
    • Eslinger and Damasoo (1985)
      studied EVR who had cerebral tumour removed and performed well on reasoning tests so suggested CE intact but poor decision making skills so suggested not intact
      More complex than baddeley and hutch suggested
    • strength of wmm
      explains word length effect
    • baddeley et al (1975) said 

      phonological loop holds amount of info you can say in 2 s and hard to remember list of long words as they cannot be rehearsed on phonological loop as they don’t fit
      However word- length effect disappears if person given articulatory suppression task
      Evidence of articulatory process which is a key component of wmm
    See similar decks