Book Summarised

• What happens when reactive metals are dropped into acid or water?

  They do exciting, fizzy things
• What do the reactions of metals with acids indicate?

  They indicate the reactivity of the metals
• What is the general reaction of a metal with an acid?

  Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
• How can you determine the reactivity of metals using acids?

  • React different metals with dilute acids
  • Observe the speed of the reaction
  • Faster reactions indicate more reactive metals
• What is indicated by the rate of hydrogen bubbles produced in a reaction?

  The speed of the reaction
• What does the loudest 'squeaky pop' during the burning splint test indicate?

  It indicates the most vigorous reaction
• Which metals react vigorously with water?

  Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium
• How does the energy released during a metal-water reaction relate to reactivity?

  More reactive metals release more energy
• What happens to less reactive metals like magnesium, zinc, and iron with cold water?

  They won't react much
• What is the basic reaction of metals with water?

  Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
• What is the word equation for rusting?

  Iron + Oxygen + Water → Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide
• What conditions are necessary for iron to rust?

  Contact with both oxygen and water
• What is rust?

  Hydrated iron(III) oxide
• What are the two main methods to prevent rusting?

  Barrier methods and sacrificial methods
• What are barrier methods to prevent rusting?

  • Painting or coating with plastic
  • Oiling or greasing moving parts
• How does the sacrificial method prevent rusting?

  A more reactive metal reacts instead of iron
• What is the role of zinc in preventing rusting?

  Zinc is a sacrificial metal
• What is oxidation in terms of metals?

  Oxidation is the gain of oxygen
• What is reduction in terms of metals?

  Reduction is the loss of oxygen
• What is the equation for the oxidation of magnesium?

  2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
• What is the equation for the reduction of copper oxide?

  2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO₂
• What is the reactivity series of metals?

  • Potassium (K)
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Lithium (Li)
  • Calcium (Ca)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Aluminium (Al)
  • Zinc (Zn)
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Copper (Cu)
  • Silver (Ag)
  • Gold (Au)
• What happens in a displacement reaction involving metals?

  A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal
• What occurs when iron is placed in copper sulfate solution?

  Iron displaces copper from the salt
• What is the result of the reaction between zinc and iron sulfate?

  ZnSO₄ + Fe
• What indicates a reaction has occurred in displacement reactions?

  A change in temperature occurs
• How can you determine the position of a mystery metal in the reactivity series?

  By reacting it with different oxides and salts
• What is the definition of corrosion in relation to iron?

  Iron rusts when in contact with oxygen and water
• What is the significance of the reactivity series?

  It helps predict how metals will react
• What is the chemical formula for iron(III) oxide?

  Fe₂O₃
• What is the relationship between oxidation and reduction in redox reactions?

  Oxidation is gain of oxygen; reduction is loss
• What is the role of the oxidising agent in oxidation reactions?

  It oxidises the metal and is reduced
• What is the role of the reducing agent in reduction reactions?

  It reduces the metal and is oxidised