Dualism vs materialism

• What does dualism believe about the mind and body?

  They are separate and distinct entities
• What does the alteration of personality and memories due to brain injuries demonstrate?

  Mental states are tied to the physical brain.
• How do the mind and body interact in dualism?

  Thoughts influence actions
• What does substance dualism state?

  The mind is a non-physical substance
• How does dualism view thoughts and feelings in relation to the physical body?

  They are independent from the physical being
• What does materialism state about everything, including the mind?

  Everything is made of physical matter
• What can happen if there is damage to the brain according to materialism?

  It can affect personality and memories
• What does the concept of dualism suggest about personality and physical changes?

  Personality remains unchanged despite physical loss
• What does materialism argue about the mind?

  It is one physical substance
• What is a consequence of the mind being a non-physical substance?

  The mind is immune to physical damage
• How do dualism and materialism differ in their view of interaction?

  Dualism sees mind-body interaction; materialism does not
• What does mind-body separation imply in dualism?

  The mind is distinct from the body
• How do thoughts and feelings relate to the brain according to materialism?

  They stem from activity in the brain.
• What are the key concepts of materialism in relation to the mind and body?

  • Everything is made of physical matter
  • Thoughts and feelings arise from brain activity
  • Brain damage can alter personality and memories
• What is the effect of physical injury according to dualism?

  It doesn't affect the mind
• How do mental states differ from physical states according to dualism?

  Mental states are non-physical and independent
• How does materialism explain the effect of brain injury?

  It affects thoughts and feelings
• What does dualism suggest about free will?

  The mind can make choices independently
• What does dualism propose about the mind and body?

  They are separate entities
• How does dualism view the mind in relation to the body?

  The mind is independent of the body
• What does materialism suggest about cognitive processes?

  They arise from the brain's physical structure and activity
• What is the unified view of mind and body according to materialism?

  • Mental phenomena are reduced to physical processes
  • All cognitive functions are linked to brain activity
• What is the focus of arguments supporting dualism?

  Separation of mental and physical states
• What are the main arguments supporting dualism?

  • Mental states are non-physical and independent
  • The mind can make choices independently (free will)
  • Subjective experiences cannot be fully explained by physical activity
  • Qualia are unique, subjective experiences
• What does materialism claim about the mind?

  The mind is solely brain activity
• What evidence supports materialism?

  Neuroscience shows brain damage affects mental states
• What does materialism claim about everything, including the mind?

  Everything is entirely physical.
• How does materialism contrast with dualism?

  Materialism denies a separate non-physical mind
• How does substance dualism differentiate the mind from the body?

  The mind is non-physical, the body is physical
• Why can't mental states be fully explained by physical activity alone?

  They are subjective and unique experiences
• How does dualism maintain the separation between mind and body?

  By emphasizing non-physical mental states
• How might a stroke illustrate materialism?

  It can change behavior due to brain damage
• What are subjective experiences in the context of dualism?

  Feelings and thoughts that are personal
• What are the key tenets of materialism?

  • Everything is entirely physical.
  • The mind is not a separate entity.
  • Thoughts and feelings arise from brain activity.
  • Mental states are linked to physical brain conditions.
• How does materialism explain thoughts and feelings?

  They result from brain activity
• What does materialism state about the mind's nature?

  The mind is physical brain activity
• What are qualia in the context of dualism?

  Unique, subjective experiences
• What are the key differences between dualism and materialism?

  • Dualism:
  • Mind and body are separate
  • Mind is a non-physical substance
  • Mind-body interaction exists
  • Physical injury doesn't affect the mind

  
  

  • Materialism:
  • Mind is one physical substance
  • Mind is physical brain activity
  • Mind is brain activity
  • Brain injury affects thoughts and feelings
• What are the key concepts of dualism?

  • Mind and body are separate
  • Thoughts and feelings are independent
  • Physical loss does not affect memories or personality
• Strengths of materialism

  • functional magnetic scanners can detect changes in brain when subject's attention moves = mental activity (thoughts) is caused by physical events in brain.
  • If there is nothing more to personhood than body or brain, there is no need for an afterlife.
  • Materialism - uses scientific methods & shows how modern studies of brain can show what happened in past.