M1

• What is the definition of research design?

  A framework for research planning
• What does formulating a research design involve?

  Determining data type, sources, and analysis
• What is one significance of research design?

  Guides direction during experimentation
• What is the definition of research design?

  The research design serves as a framework for research planning and answering your research questions
• What are the key elements that must be considered when planning the research design?

  Determining the type of data needed, the sources/participants, the variables/hypotheses, and how to collect and analyze the data
• What are the three main reasons why the research design is significant?

  It serves as a guide, allows maximum information at minimum cost, and makes statistical tests valid
• What is the definition of a variable in research?

  Any characteristic that can take on different values, such as height, age, species, or exam score
• What are the three main classes of variables based on cause and effect?

  Independent, dependent, and extraneous variables
• What is the definition of an independent variable?

  A variable that is manipulated or varied to affect the outcome of an experiment
• What is the definition of a dependent variable?

  A variable that represents the outcome or result of an experiment
• What is the definition of an extraneous variable?

  A variable that is held constant throughout an experiment
• What is the definition of an experimental group?

  A test sample or group that receives an experimental procedure and is exposed to changes in the independent variable
• What is the definition of a control group?

  A group separated from the rest of the experiment such that the independent variable cannot influence the results
• What are the three basic principles of a good research design?

  Local control, replication, and randomization
• What is the definition of local control in research design?

  Balancing, grouping, and blocking of experimental units so they are relatively homogeneous
• What is the definition of replication in research design?

  Repeating an experiment or test using three or more homogeneous experimental units
• What is the definition of randomization in research design?

  Assigning experimental units to treatments in an unbiased way
• What is the definition of an experimental unit in research design?

  The organism, material, product, or device that is subjected to one or more treatments and is the source of observation or data
• What is the definition of a completely randomized design (CRD) in research?

  A design used when the experimental units are homogeneous, where each unit is simply assigned a treatment randomly
• What is the definition of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in research?

  A design used when the experimental units have varying characteristics, where they are divided into homogeneous blocks and treatments are assigned randomly within each block
• What are the key features of a good research design?

  A well-defined set of experimental units with homogeneous characteristics or classified into homogeneous groups, and the application of the basic principles of replication, local control, and randomization
• What are the steps in the research design process for the footwear company's study on new insoles?

  1. Identify the independent variable: type of insole (soft insole vs air-fill insole)
  2. Identify the dependent variable: number of runners who developed shin splints
  3. Identify the extraneous variables:

  • Weekly running schedule
  • Age range of runners
  • Other factors that could affect shin splint development

  1. Randomly assign 30 runners to use the new insoles and 30 runners to use the existing insoles
  2. Conduct the study for 10 weeks and record the number of runners in each group who developed shin splints
  3. Repeat the testing 3 times to ensure valid results