RESEARCH ST

• What is the definition of research design?

  A framework for research planning
• What does formulating a research design involve?

  Determining data type, sources, and variables
• What is one question to consider when formulating a research design?

  What type of data do you need?
• How does research design contribute to statistical tests of significance?

  It considers all assumptions for valid results
• What are the significance and benefits of research design?

  • Guides direction during experimentation
  • Maximizes relevant information at minimal cost
  • Validates statistical tests of significance
• What does the research design ensure regarding data?

  Appropriate data is obtained for analysis
• What is the role of variables in research design?

  They define relationships and outcomes
• What are the three classes of variables based on cause and effect?

  Independent, dependent, extraneous
• What is an independent variable?

  Variable manipulated to affect outcomes
• What is a dependent variable?

  Variable representing the experiment's outcome
• What is an extraneous variable?

  Variable held constant during experimentation
• In the fertilizer experiment, what is the independent variable?

  The amount of fertilizer added
• In the fertilizer experiment, what is the dependent variable?

  Measurement of plant health and growth
• In the fertilizer experiment, what are the extraneous variables?

  Temperature and light conditions
• What is the main topic of Module 4 in Research II?

  Types and methods of sampling
• What is an experimental group?

  Group receiving the experimental procedure
• Why is it important to learn about sampling methods?

  It helps select samples for studies
• What is a control group?

  Group not influenced by the independent variable
• What are the two main types of sampling?

  Probability sampling and non-probability sampling
• What is the purpose of sampling in research?

  To gain information about the population
• What are controlled experiments?

  Experiments using control groups for comparison
• What is a sample in research?

  A specific group of individuals studied
• What are the basic elements to consider in research design?

  1. Identification of variables
  2. Application of basic research principles
  3. Consideration of research design structure
• What is the difference between sample and population?

  Sample is part of the population studied
• What is a variable in research?

  Entity that can take on different values
• What is the significance of sampling methods in research design?

  They make studies more reliable and valuable
• What is probability sampling?

  All members have a chance of selection
• How are variables used in investigative research?

  For comparison and defining the investigation's focus
• What is simple random sampling?

  All members have an equal chance of selection
• How are variables applied in engineering projects?

  During testing for functionality and efficiency
• How can a researcher use the lottery method in sampling?

  To randomly select participants from a population
• What is local control in research design?

  Balancing and grouping experimental units
• What is systematic sampling?

  Selecting every nth element from a population
• What does replication in research design refer to?

  Conducting tests with multiple experimental units
• How can systematic sampling be implemented in a study?

  Selecting every 50th person entering a venue
• What is stratified random sampling?

  Dividing the population into strata before sampling
• What is randomization in research design?

  Unbiased assignment of experimental units to treatments
• How can a researcher stratify a population?

  By dividing it based on age or gender
• What is a completely randomized design (CRD)?

  Design where units are assigned treatments randomly
• What is cluster sampling?

  Selecting clusters of units from a population