M2

• What is the main topic of Module 4 in Research II?

  Types and methods of sampling
• Why is it important to learn about sampling methods?

  It helps select samples for studies
• What is one expected outcome from this module?

  Design an experiment using sampling methods
• What are the reasons for conducting sampling?

  • Impossible to study entire population
  • Limitations of time, money, or personnel
  • Items may be destroyed during study
  • Smaller samples allow thorough study
  • Fewer errors in data collection
  • Lower costs for larger populations
• What are the two main types of sampling?

  Probability sampling and non-probability sampling
• What is probability sampling?

  All members have a chance of selection
• What is simple random sampling?

  All members have an equal chance of selection
• How can simple random sampling be conducted?

  Using methods like lottery or random numbers
• What is systematic sampling?

  Selecting every nth element from a population
• How can systematic sampling be implemented?

  Selecting every 50th person entering a gate
• What is stratified random sampling?

  Dividing population into strata before sampling
• How can stratified random sampling be applied?

  Choosing 5 students from each grade level
• What is cluster sampling?

  Selecting clusters from a geographically spread population
• How can cluster sampling be used in research?

  Selecting clusters of households in a city
• What is non-probability sampling?

  Not all members have a chance of selection
• What is convenience sampling?

  Obtaining samples that are easily accessible
• How can convenience sampling be illustrated?

  Using a class of students for research
• What is purposive sampling?

  Handpicking subjects for specific intentions
• How can purposive sampling be applied?

  Using a rank list of honors as a sample
• What is quota sampling?

  Dividing population into strata with set proportions
• How can quota sampling be implemented?

  Setting quotas for specific demographics in a sample
• What is snowball sampling?

  Using referrals from initial subjects to find more
• How can snowball sampling be used in research?

  Initial subjects recruit additional participants
• What are the methods of probability sampling?

  1. Simple Random Sampling
  2. Systematic Sampling
  3. Stratified Random Sampling
  4. Cluster Sampling
• What are the methods of non-probability sampling?

  1. Convenience Sampling
  2. Purposive Sampling
  3. Quota Sampling
  4. Snowball Sampling
• How does convenience sampling introduce bias?

  It may over-represent or under-represent elements
• In a scenario where a researcher observes every fifth person, what type of sampling is used?

  Systematic sampling
• If a researcher selects friends for a study, what type of sampling is being used?

  Snowball sampling
• What type of sampling is used when a principal selects an easily accessible class?

  Convenience sampling
• If a researcher selects employees from ten corporations, what sampling method is used?

  Cluster sampling
• What type of sampling is used when a researcher believes some subjects are better suited for research?

  Purposive sampling
• If a researcher selects patients with a rare disease, what sampling method is used?

  Snowball sampling
• What type of sampling is used when a researcher sets quotas for different grades?

  Quota sampling
• If a researcher selects 20 voters from each barangay, what sampling method is used?

  Cluster sampling
• What type of sampling is used when a researcher selects students based on their year level?

  Stratified sampling