MSM

• Who Devised the Multi-Store Model?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• What is the Multi-Store Model?

  An explanation of how the memory works in terms of 3 stores:Sensory RegisterSTMLTMThrough flowing Storage systems
• Describe the structure of the Multi-Store Model
• What is the Sensory Register?

  A short duration store that holds information we have gained through the 5 senses.
• How is the Sensory Register Mainly Coded?

  Via all 5 senses.Mainly iconic (visual) and echoic (acoustic)
• What is the Duration of the Sensory Register?

  Very Brief
• What is the Capacity of the Sensory Register

  Very High
• Describe Sperling's research into the sensory register's capacity

  Flashed a 3x4 grid of letters for 1/20th of a second. A different tone indicated for each row.Recall was high.Capacity for SR is very large.
• What research supports the idea of MSM? (AO3)

  • Baddeley found how we mix up words that are acoustically similar using STM and semantically similar when using LTM
  • Strength as it shows that STM and LTM are coded differently, reinforcing they are separate and unitary
• What is a limitation of MSM when explaining STM?

  • MSM states STM is unitary store
  • The case study of KF by Shallice and Warrington challenges this
  • Found that K.F’s recall for digits when using his STM was very poor, when read aloud
  • Digit span was tested by presenting the digits to him visually his performance was better
  • implied that KF had two types of STM – one to process visual information, and another to process auditory material.
  • suggests there is an additional STM store for non-verbal sound such as noises, and STM could be divided into visual and auditory processing
  • undermining the validity of MSM as an explanation for memory as STM may be oversimplified
• What is a limitation of MSM when explaining rehearsal? (AO3)

  • Craik and Watkins challenge the MSMs notion that there is only maintenance rehearsal required to transfer information from STM to LTM
  • They suggest what matters is rehearsal type instead of the prediction of rehearsal amount
  • Two types of rehearsal, maintenance does not transfer info to LTM, maintains it in STM, elaborative is needed for long term storage
  • ER is where information is actively linked to existing knowledge
  • therefore a serious limitation as it cannot explain or account for these findings, therefore undermines the validity of the model as it fails to explain fully how information is transferred into the LTM in real world memory processing