Bias and Prejudice

• Bias

  • A tendency to favor one person, group, thing, or point of view over another often in an unfair way
• Bias is a tendency to lean in a certain direction, either in favor of or against a particular thing
• 2 Types of Bias

  • Biased Toward
  • Biased Against
• Biased Toward

  • You lean favorably toward something
  • You tend to think positively of something
• Biased Against

  • You lean against something
  • You tend to think negatively of something
• Characteristics of Bias (HRPUT, TETP):

  • Heavily opinionated/one-sided
  • Relies on unsupported/unsubstantiated claims
  • Presents highly selected facts that lean to a certain outcome
  • Uses extreme/inappropriate language
  • Tries to persuade you to think a certain way with no regard for factual evidence
  • The author is unidentifiable, lacks expertise, or writes on unrelated topics
  • Entertainment-based or a form of parody/satire
  • Tries to sell you something in disguise
  • Pretends to present facts, but offers only opinion
• Ambigram

  • a word, phrase, or symbol that can be read in multiple ways depending on orientation.
  • It often appears the same or transforms into another word when rotated, reflected, or viewed from a different perspective.
• Types of Prejudice (RCXHA, RNAES):

  • Racism
  • Classicism
  • Xenophobia
  • Homophobia
  • Ageism
  • Religious
  • Nationalism
  • Ableism
  • Ethnicity
  • Sexism
• Prejudice comes from the words?

  To judge before
• Prejudice

  • It is forming an unfavorable opinion or feeling about a person or a group of people, without a full examination of the situation.
  • In theory, it is possible for somebody to receive this without anybody else knowing about it.
• Racism

  • Prejudice based on the national grouping or race a person belongs to
• Sexism

  • Prejudice based on gender
• Ageism

  • Prejudice because of their age
• Classicism

  • Prejudice or discrimination on the basis of social class
• Homophobia

  • Prejudice towards homosexual people
• Nationalism

  • Prejudices partly grounded in one’s group mentality and reinforced by the themes and other characteristics of nationalist ideology
• Religious

  • Treating a person or group differently because of the particular beliefs which they hold about a religion.
• Xenophobia

  • Fear of strangers, foreigners, or immigrants
• Zootopia

  • Takes on prejudice in two forms, possible three
• Ableism

  • Prejudice against people with disabilities
• Prejudice

  • An unfavorable opinion/feeling, formed beforehand without knowledge, thought, or reason
• Common Features of Prejudice (NST):

  • Negative feelings.
  • Stereotyped beliefs.
  • Tendency to discriminate against members of a group.
• Factors of Prejudice (RAGSC, RN):

  • Race
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Sexual Orientation
  • Class Status
  • Religion
  • Nationality
• Bias can be:

  • Conscious/Explicit Bias
  • Unconscious/Implicit Bias
• Conscious/Explicit Bias

  • We are doing it intentionally
  • We know we are being biased towards a particular person or group
• Unconscious/Implicit Bias

  • This type of bias is carried out unconsciously
  • You could be doing something without realizing you were doing it
• Types of Unconscious Bias (AAACC, TTCGNB):

  • Affinity Bias
  • Attribution Bias
  • Ageism
  • Confirmation Bias
  • Conformity Bias/Peer Pressure
  • The Halo Effect
  • The Horns Effect
  • Contrast Bias
  • Gender Bias
  • Name Bias
  • Beauty Bias
• Affinity Bias

  • This is a tendency to like someone similar to us in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, or nationality
• Attribution Bias

  • This happens when we attribute certain notions to a person because of our prior interactions with and observations of another person of the same gender, race, or sexual orientation, etc.
• Ageism

  • We make assumptions and commit bias based on a person's age.
  • While age is not a measure of someone's intelligence or maturity, we unconsciously judge them based on this.
• Confirmation Bias

  • This inclination happens when we want something or someone to confirm our bias towards them.
• Conformity Bias/Peer Pressure

  • We want to conform to the people or things around us even though they contradict our personal beliefs and principles
• The Halo Effect

  • This happens when we unconsciously put someone on a pedestal just because there's something about them we find impressive
• The Horns Effect

  • The opposite of the Halo Effect
  • We unconsciously dislike everything about someone because they have some negative characteristics we don't like
• Contrast Bias

  • You compare one or several things you come in contact with to another similar thing, which can happen simultaneously or consecutively
• Gender Bias

  • Happens when one gender is favored over another because of stereotypes or based on your previous experience
• Name Bias

  • You make an unconscious judgment based on a person's name, especially the ones that are of foreign origins
• Beauty Bias

  • Another common bias where we unconsciously assume attractive people are more competent, qualified, and successful.
• Editorial/Political Cartoon

  • An illustration or comic strip containing a political or social message that usually relates to current events or personalities
• Readers Theater

  • An oral performance of a script where the meaning is conveyed through expression and intonation