institution AO3

• Research to support the importation model is by Kamp and Gace. They found no significant difference in 561 inmates over two years between inmates randomly placed in low and high. Results were only a 3% difference. This shows that features of the prison environment are less important predictors of aggressive behaviour than characteristics of inmates. This shows the study as there is strong evidence for importation. They were randomly allocated.
• A limitation of the importation model is that it is inadequate. Dilulio claims importation model is reductionist and ignores other factors that influence behaviour like how the prison is run and the character of prison officers. The administrative control model suggests poorly managed prisons have the worst violence because of these things. Therefore, it may be that importation is inadequate because situational factors may be more important than dispositional factors.
• A strength into the deprivational model is research support. Cunningham et al. found that inmate homicides in Texas prisons were linked to deprivation. identified in Clemmer's model. Many homicides followed after cell-sharing inmates argued because they crossed each other's boundaries. This supports the factors identified by the deprivation model as it is a lack of material goods like their possessions or drugs. Therefore it is a strength as it shows the theory is valid.
• A limitation of the deprivation model is that there is contradicting evidence. The deprivation model posits that lack of heterosexual contact leads to aggression. But Hensley et al studied two US prisons and found that prisoners who had conjugal visits for sex were still aggressive and there was no reduced aggression. This suggests that situational factors do not substantially affect prison violence and situational factors may instead.