Theory

• Cultural diversity refers to the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society. Urban areas, especially large cities, are places where cultural diversity tends to flourish e.g. London, New York, Amsterdam.
• Globalisation has increased movement around the world and it is now common to find people from different parts of the world living in major urban areas. The term diaspora is commonly used to describe a large group of people with a similar heritage or place of origin who have settled elsewhere in the world.
• Why is there greater cultural diversity in cities?

  • cities offer a greater range of employment opportunities
  • cities are the first point of entry into the country for many immigrants
  • cities tend to house earlier immigrant groups with the same ethnicity
  • established cultural diversity in cities means there are specialist shops and religious centres located there
  • urban populations tend to be more tolerant of immigrants
• London is considered to be one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world. More than 300 languages are spoken, and has at least 50 non-indigenous communities with populations of 10000 or more.
• Cultural diversity can put extra pressure on already stretched urban services. Where language differences exist, local authorities may need to provide English lessons or bilingual literature. Hospitals may need to cater for specific requirements and schools may alter their curricula and holiday patterns to cater for different ethnic groups.
• To tackle the negative issues associated with ethnic segregation, a policy of interculturalism has been promoted by some. Areas of mutual interest are found and community engagement is conducted. The UK legislation on anti-racism, employment rights and opportunities to combat discrimination, prejudice and racism provides a voice to the under-represented.