A01

• Who suggested the three ways people conform to majority opinion?

  Herbert Kelman
• What are the three types of conformity according to Kelman?

  • Internalisation
  • Identification
  • Compliance
• What is internalisation in conformity?

  Genuine acceptance of group norms
• How does internalisation affect opinions and behavior?

  It leads to permanent change in thinking
• What happens to opinions after internalisation?

  They persist without group presence
• Why do people conform through identification?

  They value something about the group
• What is the difference between identification and internalisation?

  Identification may not change private beliefs
• What characterizes compliance in conformity?

  Going along publicly without private change
• What happens to compliance when group pressure stops?

  Behavior or opinion stops immediately
• Who developed the two-process theory of conformity?

  Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerard
• What are the two main reasons people conform according to Deutsch and Gerard?

  Need to be right and need to be liked
• What is informational social influence (ISI)?

  Conforming based on better information
• When is ISI most likely to occur?

  In new or ambiguous situations
• What type of process is ISI considered?

  Cognitive process related to thinking
• What is normative social influence (NSI)?

  Conforming to what is normal for a group
• How does NSI affect opinions and behavior?

  Leads to temporary change in behavior
• In what situations is NSI likely to occur?

  With strangers or in stressful situations
• Why do people conform to NSI in stressful situations?

  Greater need for social support arises