Depression: Explaining and Treating (Cognitive Approach)

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What percentage of adults in the UK experience depression?

  One in five adults
• Which demographic has a higher rate of depressive symptoms?

  Women aged 16 to 29
• What is the purpose of this video?

  To learn about the principles of depression
• What should viewers looking for support do?

  Check links in the description
• What approach does this video take to explain depression?

  The cognitive approach
• What are schemas in psychology?

  Mental frameworks built from experience
• How do schemas help individuals navigate the world?

  They provide mental shortcuts for understanding
• What can negative schemas lead to?

  Biases about oneself and events
• What are Beck's three types of negative schemas?

  • Negative beliefs about oneself
  • Negative beliefs about the world
  • Negative beliefs about the future
• What negative behaviors can result from negative thought patterns?

  Avoidance, withdrawal, and inaction
• What is overgeneralization in cognitive distortions?

  Assuming one negative experience will always happen
• What is selective abstraction?

  Focusing on one negative detail out of context
• What does Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event, Belief, Consequence
• What is the difference between rational and irrational beliefs in the ABC model?

  Rational beliefs lead to healthy emotions
• What is "masturbatory thinking" according to Ellis?

  Not accepting that the world isn't perfect
• What are the three musts that hold people back according to Ellis?

  I must do well, you must treat me well, the world must be easy
• What did Grizzoli and Terry's research find about negative thinking styles?

  They increase the likelihood of developing depression
• What is the effectiveness rate of CBT after 36 weeks according to March's study?

  81%
• What is a significant criticism of cognitive theories of depression?

  They don't explain anger in depression
• What do family studies suggest about depression?

  It may have a genetic predisposition
• What do SSRIs suggest about depression?

  There is a biological aspect to depression
• What is the role of the patient in CBT?

  The patient actively engages in their treatment
• What is the goal of Beck's CBT?

  To challenge and change irrational thoughts
• What is the purpose of homework tasks in CBT?

  To identify and challenge negative thoughts
• What is the aim of shame attacking exercises in REBT?

  To confront fears and cope with disapproval
• How do Beck's and Ellis's therapies differ?

  Beck's therapy is self-discovery, Ellis's is direct
• What was the effectiveness rate of combined treatment in March's study?

  86%
• What is a criticism of CBT regarding patient responsibility?

  It can lead to victim blaming
• What is a potential issue with focusing on the present in therapy?

  It may overlook past trauma and issues
• Why might CBT be more expensive than drug therapy?

  It requires multiple one-to-one sessions
• What is a benefit of CBT according to patients?

  It addresses the root cause of depression
• What are the key components of Beck's CBT?

  • Identifying irrational thoughts
  • Gathering evidence through diary tasks
  • Behavioral activation
• What are the key components of Ellis's REBT?

  • ABC model: Activating event, Belief, Consequence
  • Disputing irrational beliefs
  • Shame attacking exercises
• What do cognitive-behavioural therapies suggest about psychological problems?

  They arise from maladaptive thinking.
• What is the main focus of cognitive-behavioural therapies in treating disorders?

  Challenging maladaptive and irrational thoughts.
• Who developed rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)?

  Ellis in 1962.
• What did Beck propose about depression in 1963?

  It results from three types of negative thoughts.
• What are the three kinds of negative thoughts in Beck's cognitive triad?

  Views about oneself, the world, and the future.
• What is the aim of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)?

  To replace negative thoughts with positive ones.