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genetics
meiosis
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Cards (24)
What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
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What are gametes also known as?
Sex cells
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How much genetic material do gametes contain?
Half
the genetic material
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What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
Haploid
cells
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What happens when two gametes combine?
They form a normal
diploid
cell
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What type of cells do gametes form when they combine?
Diploid
cells
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What is the first step in meiosis?
Replicate
all of the cell's DNA
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What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
X shape
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How many types of chromosomes do humans have?
23
different types
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How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
individual chromosomes
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What are maternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes
from
the
mother
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What are paternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes
from
the
father
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What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
They are randomly
distributed
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Why are gametes genetically unique?
Due to random distribution of
chromosomes
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What occurs during the second division of meiosis?
Chromosomes
line up and split again
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How many cells result from meiosis?
Four
cells
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What do the resulting cells from meiosis develop into in males?
Sperm cells
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What do the resulting cells from meiosis develop into in females?
Egg cells
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What happens during fertilization?
A
sperm
and
egg
fuse
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What type of cell is formed after fertilization?
Diploid
cell
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What process occurs after fertilization?
Cell division by
mitosis
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What are the main steps of meiosis?
DNA replication
First division:
chromosome
pairs separate
Second division:
sister chromatids
separate
Result: four genetically unique gametes
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What is the significance of genetic uniqueness in gametes?
Ensures
genetic diversity
Aids in
evolution
Important for
adaptation
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What is the relationship between meiosis and sexual reproduction?
Meiosis produces
gametes
Gametes are necessary for fertilization
Fertilization leads to
diploid
organism formation
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