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Biology
B6- photosynthesis and plant structures
Explain the role of stomata
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Cards (75)
What are stomata?
Tiny pores on
plant
leaves
How do the guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore?
By
changing their shape and size to regulate the size of the pore
What surrounds the stomata?
Specialized
guard cells
What is the function of the guard cells in a stoma?
To open and close the
stomatal
pore
What is the role of the subsidiary cells in a stoma?
Support and surround the
guard cells
Help regulate the opening and closing of the
stomatal pore
Provide structural support to the stoma
What is the opening between guard cells called?
Stomatal
pore
If the guard cells swell, what will happen to the stomatal pore?
The stomatal pore will
open
What is the function of stomata?
Allow
plants
to
breathe
and control
water
loss
Why do guard cells have a vacuole?
To store water and
regulate
cell volume
What are the two main states of guard cells?
Swollen (
turgid
)
Shrunken (
flaccid
)
What is the structure of a stoma?
Two bean-shaped
guard cells
Stomatal
pore between guard cells
Surrounding
epidermal cells
Subsidiary cells
(neighboring epidermal cells)
What is the role of water (H2O) and potassium ions (K+) in the opening and closing of stomata?
Water (H2O) causes
guard
cells to
swell
and
open
stomata
Potassium ions (K+) cause
guard
cells to
shrink
and
close
stomata
How do the structural changes in guard cells affect the opening and closing of stomata?
Swollen guard cells have an opened stoma, allowing
gas exchange
Shrunken guard cells have a closed stoma, restricting gas exchange
What happens to guard cells when they are turgid?
They curve
outward
, opening the
pore
What are the main components of a stoma?
Epidermal cell
Subsidiary cell
Stomatal
pore
Guard cell
What shape are guard cells?
Bean-shaped
What are subsidiary cells?
Neighboring
epidermal cells
If guard cells have a thick inner wall, what will happen to the stoma?
The
stoma
will be
closed
How do the inner walls of guard cells contribute to their function?
Thicker walls cause bending when
turgid
What type of cells surround the stomata?
Epidermal cells
What are the key structural differences between swollen and shrunken guard cells?
Swollen (
turgid
):
Thin (outer) wall
Opened stoma
Shrunken (
flaccid
):
Thick (inner) wall
Closed stoma
What are guard cells?
Specialized cells controlling
stomata
How do guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing?
When
turgid
, they curve outward to open
When
flaccid
, they shrink to close
During photosynthesis, which gas enters the leaf?
CO2
What happens when guard cells are open?
Gases diffuse through the
stomatal
pore
What are the key structural differences between open and closed stomata?
Open Stomata:
* Guard cells are
turgid
(swollen with water).
*
Stomatal
pore is open.
* Thin cell walls between guard cells.
Closed Stomata:
* Guard cells are
flaccid
(lacking turgor pressure).
* Stomatal pore is closed.
* Thick cell walls between guard cells.
What occurs when guard cells are closed?
The
pore
seals
shut,
preventing
gas
movement
What is the main function of the chloroplast in guard cells?
Photosynthesis
What are the main structures of a plant cell shown in the image?
Epidermal cell
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Guard cells
Stomatal
pore
Nucleus
How does the structure of the guard cells change when the stoma opens?
The guard cells become turgid and swell
Why do guard cells have a crucial role in gas exchange?
They control
stomatal
opening and closing
How does the thickness of the cell walls differ between open and closed stomata?
Thinner in open,
thicker
in closed
What is the name of the pore in the stomata?
Stomata
How do stomata facilitate gas exchange during photosynthesis?
Guard cells
open stomata
CO2
enters for photosynthesis
O2 exits as a byproduct
Guard cells close stomata to prevent gas loss
Compare and contrast the structure and function of open and closed stomata in plants. What factors might cause stomata to open or close?
Open Stomata:
* Turgid
guard cells
* Open pore
* Thin cell walls
* Facilitates gas exchange (
CO2
intake, O2 release) and
transpiration
Closed Stomata:
* Flaccid guard cells
* Closed pore
* Thick cell walls
* Prevents excessive water loss (conserves water)
Factors affecting opening and closing:
* Light intensity
*
Water availability
*
CO2 concentration
*
Temperature
What is transpiration?
Loss of water as
water vapor
What gas exits the leaf during photosynthesis?
O2
What regulates the opening and closing of stomata?
Guard cells
How does the structure of the guard cells change when the stoma is open vs closed?
When stoma is open, guard cells are
turgid
and swollen
When stoma is closed, guard cells are
flaccid
and shrunken
What is the name of the process that occurs in the chloroplast during photosynthesis?
CO2 fixation
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