hitler’s rise to power 1919-33

• Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. He moved to Munich in 1913 and became obsessed withall things German. He fought in the First World War and his experience confirmed his views thatGermany had a special destiny. He was shocked by Germany’s defeat and the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles
• HITLER

  • Born in Austria (1889), moved to Munich (1913), strongly nationalist.
  • Fought in WWI as a messenger, awarded the Iron Cross.
  • Shocked by Germany’s defeat (1918), believed in the "stab-in-the-back" myth (Dolchstoss).
  • Hated Treaty of Versailles (1919) – blamed politicians, Communists, and Jews.
  • Joined German Workers’ Party (DAP) in 1919, later became Nazi Party (NSDAP).
• 1919 - Hitler joined the DAP

  1920 - Hitler was second in command of the DAP

  1920 - In August the DAP changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party

  1921 - Hitler took over control of the Nazi Part from Drexler
• Hitler’s early political career

  1. The German Workers’ Party (DAP) was set up by Anton Drexler in February 1919, in Munich; Hitler joined in September 1919.2. The DAP set up permanent headquarters, Hitler became second in command.3. Hitler suggested a new name for the party – the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) or NAZI Party for short.4. In July 1921, Hitler became leader of the Nazi Party.5. Hess, Goering, Streicher and Röhm were selected as some of his party supporters
• Who wrote the 25-point programme?

  Hitler and Drexler
• In what year was the 25-point programme written?

  1920
• What are the main points of the Nazi 25-point programme?

  • Increase pensions for the elderly
  • Nationalise industries
  • Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles
  • Everybody should have a job
  • Build up Germany’s armed forces
  • Only German races may be members of the nation; no Jew may be a citizen
  • Expand Germany for Lebensraum
  • All citizens should have equal rights and duties
  • Opportunity for higher education for hard-working Germans
  • State protection for mothers and infants; laws for compulsory sports
• What was the purpose of increasing pensions for the elderly in the 25-point programme?

  To provide financial support for the elderly
• What does nationalising industries mean in the context of the 25-point programme?

  Government ownership of industries
• Why did the Nazis want to get rid of the Treaty of Versailles?

  It imposed harsh penalties on Germany
• What was the significance of ensuring everybody should have a job?

  To reduce unemployment and promote stability
• What did building up Germany’s armed forces signify in the 25-point programme?

  Rearmament and military strength
• What was the Nazi stance on citizenship regarding race?

  Only German races could be citizens; no Jews
• What does Lebensraum refer to in the Nazi programme?

  Expansion of territory for living space
• What was meant by equal rights and duties for all citizens?

  All citizens should have the same legal rights
• What opportunity was provided for hard-working Germans in the programme?

  Chance for higher education
• What protections did the state offer to mothers and infants?

  Protection and laws against child labor
• What was the purpose of compulsory sports laws in the 25-point programme?

  To promote physical fitness and health
• How do the points of the 25-point programme reflect Nazi ideology?

  • Emphasis on nationalism and racial purity
  • Economic policies aimed at state control
  • Militaristic expansionism for national strength
  • Social policies promoting traditional family values
• Who wrote the 25-Point Programme?

  Hitler and Drexler
• What was the purpose of the 25-Point Programme?

  It was the Nazi Party's political plan
• What key ideologies were combined in the 25-Point Programme?

  • Socialist ideas
  • Nationalist ideas
  • Racist ideas
• What economic policy aimed to support the elderly in the 25-Point Programme?

  Increase pensions for the elderly
• What does nationalising industries mean in the context of the 25-Point Programme?

  Government control of businesses
• What was one of the job-related policies in the 25-Point Programme?

  Ensure jobs for all Germans
• Why did the 25-Point Programme call for the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles?

  It was seen as unfair to Germany
• What military policy was included in the 25-Point Programme?

  Rebuild Germany’s military strength
• Who was excluded from citizenship according to the 25-Point Programme?

  Jews were excluded
• What concept refers to expanding Germany's land in the 25-Point Programme?

  Lebensraum
• What was the aim of providing equal rights and duties for all German citizens?

  To promote social equality among citizens
• What educational policy was included in the 25-Point Programme?

  Higher education for all hard-working Germans
• What measures were proposed to protect mothers and children in the 25-Point Programme?

  Stop child labor and promote sports
• When was the 25-Point Programme written?

  1920
• How did the 25-Point Programme aim to attract support?

  By combining various ideologies
• What is the significance of the concept of Lebensraum in the 25-Point Programme?

  It justified territorial expansion for resources
• • CONSEQUENCES OF 25-POINT PROGRAMME
  • The programme helped the Nazis gain support, particularly from nationalists, workers, and the middle class, who were unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles.
  • Anti-Semitic policies set the foundation for later persecution of Jews under Nazi rule.
  • The idea of Lebensraum led to Nazi expansionist policies, which contributed to World War II.
  • The programme appealed to many social groups, helping the Nazis grow into a major political force by the 1930s.
• • 25-programme
  • Created in 1920 by Hitler and Drexler as the Nazi Party’s political plan.
  • Aimed to abolish the Treaty of Versailles and rebuild Germany’s military.
  • Promoted jobs for all Germans and nationalised industries.
  • Declared only ethnic Germans could be citizens, excluding Jews.
  • Supported Lebensraum (expanding German territory).
  • Promised equal rights, education, and protection for mothers/children.
  • Gained support from workers and nationalists, fueling anti-Semitism.
  • Helped Nazis rise to power in the 1930s.
• The programme opposed: the Weimarpoliticians who agreed to the Treatyof Versailles; democracy, which theythought was weak; and Jews, who theyfelt undermined the German economy.
• • THE STURMABTEILUNG (SA)
  • Formed in August 1921 by Hitler; led by Ernst Röhm.
  • Paramilitary group made up of unemployed ex-soldiers.
  • Wore brown uniforms, earning the nickname ‘Brownshirts’.
  • Used violence to disrupt opposition meetings and intimidate rivals.
  • Controlled crowds at Nazi events and protected Hitler’s speeches.
  • Played a key role in Nazi propaganda and political violence.
  • Helped Nazis grow in power but later weakened after the Night of the Long Knives (1934).
• Hitler attempted to overthrow the Weimar government in November 1923. This was known as theMunich Putsch. After this date, and up to 1928, the Nazi Party struggled to get support