The Stages of Sleep: Ultradian Rhythm

• What is the working model of memory an improvement of?

  Short term memory store
• How does the working memory model explain information processing?

  It holds and works on auditory and visual information
• What are the differences between short-term memory and working memory?

  • Short-term memory is passive; working memory is active
  • Working memory processes multiple types of information
  • Short-term memory is unitary; working memory is not
• What is the first component of the working memory model?

  Central executive
• What is the role of the central executive in the working memory model?

  It controls and directs other components
• How many types of information can the central executive hold at once?

  One type
• What does the phonological loop process?

  Auditory information like sounds and words
• What are the two sections of the phonological loop?

  Phonological store and articulatory process
• What does the phonological store represent?

  Inner ear holding heard words
• What is the capacity of the phonological loop?

  What can be said in two seconds
• What does the visuospatial sketchpad process?

  Visual and spatial information
• What are the two processors of the visuospatial sketchpad?

  Visual cache and inner scribe
• What is the function of the visual cache?

  Passive store for forms and color
• What does the inner scribe hold?

  Relationship between objects in 3D space
• What was added to the working memory model in 2000?

  Episodic buffer
• What is the role of the episodic buffer?

  Integrates and stores information
• What does AQA specify about the multi-store model?

  Features of each store: coding, capacity, duration
• What is the coding type of the phonological loop?

  Acoustic
• What is the coding type of the visuospatial sketchpad?

  Visual
• What is the capacity of the central executive according to Cohen?

  Four items plus or minus one
• What studies evaluate the working memory model?

  1. Dual task performance study
  2. Case study of KF
  3. Brain scanning evidence by Parapacaran
  4. Word length effect study by Baddeley
• What does the dual task performance study show?

  Separation between the slave systems
• What tasks were performed in the dual task performance study?

  Tracking lights and describing angles
• What does the case study of KF suggest?

  Phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad are separate
• What did the brain scanning evidence by Parapacaran show?

  Physical location of the episodic buffer
• What is the word length effect?

  People remember shorter words better
• What is a criticism of the central executive?

  It is not clearly defined
• What did Baddeley suggest about the episodic buffer?

  It addresses problems with the central executive
• What is a positive criticism of the working memory model?

  More accurate than short-term memory store
• What is a limitation of laboratory studies in memory research?

  Poor external validity
• What does mundane realism refer to?

  Real-life applicability of study findings
• What is inference in cognitive psychology?

  Educated guesses about memory processes
• What could undermine the working memory model?

  Different processes could produce similar behaviors
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the working memory model?

  Strengths:

  • More accurate than short-term memory store
  • Explains active processing of information

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Central executive is poorly defined
  • Relies on laboratory studies with low external validity
• What should students do to prepare for questions on the working memory model?

  Learn to draw the models from memory
• What is the advice given for answering exam questions?

  Shape knowledge to answer questions
• Where can patrons access additional resources for the working memory model?

  Psycboost.com
• What is the purpose of the video on working memory?

  To discuss the working memory model
• What is the significance of the working memory model in psychology?

  It influences how short-term memory is understood