globalisation

• what is globalisation


  - increasing connections between places and people across planet
• what is globalisation established through?

  - trade

  - politics

  - cultural exchanges

  - helped by transport and technology
• economic globalisation


  - increase in free trade

  - growth of TNCs / global marketing

  - faster / cheaper transport
• what is economic globalisation characterised by?

  - long distance flows of goods, capital, services as well as info + market exchanges
• political globalisation


  - growth of western democraccies + influence on poorer countries

  - decline of communist economies
• what is political globalisation characterised by?

  - diffusion of gov policy + development of market on former communist states
• social / cultural globalisation

  - migration

  - global communication networks

  - impact of culture through media, sport, leisure, celebrities
• what is social / cultural globalisation characterised by?

  - spread of ideas, info + images
• globalisation - major changes before 1980s

  1944 - world bank founded after WW2

  1948 -Jamaicans began to move to UK

  1975 -UK joins EU

  post war era- setting rules for world trade
• globalisation - major changes

  1980s and 1990s- big companies move overseas- internet revolution began

  1990 -first windows computer

  1996 -broadband available for homes

  1998 -tesco opens first overseas store
• globalisation - major changes

  since 2000s- tech take off- rapid development in Asia and Africa

  2000 -MDGs launched

  2004 -facebook launched

  2011 -china becomes 2nd largest economy
• globalisation accelerating in my lifetime

  - tech usage increases significantly

  - allowing people to work from home / remotely
• advantages of globalisation


  - fastest + biggest decrease in poverty due to global trade

  - since 1990, population of developing countries living in poverty has halved

  - life expectancy has risen
• disadvantages of globalisation

  - 1.4 billion still in poverty

  - income inequality has increased

  - polluting industries have moved from europe and USA to Asia and africa

  - many factory workers experience poor working conditions
• what are the dimensions of globalisation

  - flows of capital

  - flows of labour

  - flows of products + services

  - flows of info
• flows of capital


  - include all money that moves between countries and is used for investment, trade or production

  - FDI

  - aid

  - remittance
• foreign direct investment


  investment in business interests in a foreign country
• aid


  assistance to countries in need for development or relief purposes
• remittance payments


  transfer of money by foreign workers to individuals in home country
• flows of labour


  economic migrantsindividuals moving to seek better job opportunities + living conditions
• flows of products / services

  - flows of manufactures goods + trades of economic activities

  - containerism
• what is containerism?


  use of standardised containers for efficient shipment of goods worldwide
• flows of information


  - governed by movement of people through migration + communication transfer

  - improvements to global telephone networks makes communication cheaper + easier

  - email + internet - allows for large amounts of info to be exchanged
• what is global marketing?

  approach to treating world as one market with consistent branding + strategy
• how is globalisation measured?

  • KOF index of globalisation

  3 dimensions of globalisation:

  - economic, social, political