social influence

• What is the key term associated with following orders?

  Obedience
• What is the term for when a person feels they are acting for someone else?

  Agentic state
• What does the term 'legitimacy' refer to in the context of obedience?

  Authority figures are seen as legitimate
• What are the two main explanations for obedience?

  Situational and dispositional explanations
• How do situational explanations account for obedience?

  Due to the situation and characteristics around them
• What does the dispositional explanation suggest about obedience?

  It relates to individual personality or disposition
• What is meant by 'agentic state' in Milgram's theory?

  A person acts for someone else and feels no responsibility
• What is 'moral strain' in the context of the agentic state?

  Feeling wrong but powerless to disobey
• What is the 'autonomous state'?

  When a person controls their own actions
• What is the 'agentic shift'?

  Transition from autonomous to agentic state
• What are 'binding factors' in Milgram's theory?

  Aspects that reduce moral strain and justify actions
• How does the legitimacy of authority affect obedience?

  It gives authority figures power to command
• What is 'destructive authority'?

  When leaders misuse their legitimate power
• How was the concept of legitimacy used in Milgram's study?

  Authority figures were perceived as legitimate
• What are the key terms related to situational explanations of obedience?

  • Agentic state
  • Legitimacy of authority
  • Binding factors
  • Autonomous state
• What are the implications of Milgram's findings on obedience in real-life situations?

  • Understanding authority's influence
  • Recognizing moral strain in obedience
  • Identifying binding factors in harmful situations
• What sparked Milgram's interest in obedience studies?

  The trial of Adolf Eichmann
• What was Eichmann's defense during his trial?

  He was 'obeying orders'
• What is the total mark allocation for the exam-style question on agentic state?

  10 marks
• What does the term 'moral strain' imply in the context of obedience?

  Feeling conflicted about one's actions
• How do binding factors help maintain the agentic state?

  They justify or minimize the harm caused
• How can Milgram's theory explain obedience to destructive authority figures?

  It shows how agency reduces personal conscience
• What are the key components of Milgram's theory of obedience?

  • Agentic state
  • Moral strain
  • Binding factors
  • Legitimacy of authority
• What is the objective of Zimbardo's research?

  To explain conformity to social roles
• What are social roles?

  The parts people play in social groups
• What is de-individuation?

  Loss of personal identity in groups
• What ethical issues are associated with Zimbardo's study?

  Human rights violations and psychological harm
• How might group size impact conformity?

  • Larger groups increase pressure to conform
  • Smaller groups may allow for dissent
• How does task difficulty influence conformity?

  • Harder tasks increase conformity due to uncertainty
  • Easier tasks may lead to independent thinking
• What serious violations occurred at Abu Ghraib prison?

  Torture, abuse, and humiliation of prisoners
• What was Zimbardo's aim in conducting his study?

  To understand prison guard behavior
• How many male student volunteers participated in Zimbardo's study?

  24 male student volunteers
• How were participants assigned their roles in the study?

  Randomly assigned to guard or prisoner
• What uniforms did the prisoners wear?

  A loose smock and a cap, identified by number
• What items did the guards have as part of their uniform?

  Wooden club, handcuffs, and mirror shades
• What psychological effect did uniforms have on participants?

  Created a loss of personal identity
• How were prisoners encouraged to identify with their roles?

  By applying for parole instead of leaving
• What tactics did guards use to maintain control over prisoners?

  Divide-and-rule tactics and constant harassment
• What happened to the prisoners after their rebellion?

  They became subdued, depressed, and anxious
• What was the outcome for one prisoner who showed psychological disturbance?

  He was released from the study