A01

• Who argued that eyewitness testimony could be improved?

  Ronald Fisher and Edward Geiselman
• What is the cognitive interview (CI) based on?

  Psychological insights into how memory works
• How many main techniques are used in the cognitive interview?

  Four main techniques
• What are the four main techniques of the cognitive interview?

  1. Report everything
  2. Reinstate the context
  3. Reverse the order
  4. Change perspective
• What does the technique "report everything" encourage witnesses to do?

  Include every detail, even if trivial
• Why are seemingly trivial details important in eyewitness testimony?

  They may trigger other important memories
• What does "reinstate the context" involve?

  Imagining the original crime scene and emotions
• How does "reverse the order" help in eyewitness testimony?

  It prevents reporting expectations of events
• What is the purpose of changing perspective in the cognitive interview?

  To disrupt expectations and schema effects
• Who developed the enhanced cognitive interview (ECI)?

  Fisher et al. (1987)
• What does the enhanced cognitive interview focus on?

  Social dynamics of the interaction
• What is one element of the enhanced cognitive interview?

  Establishing and relinquishing eye contact
• How does the enhanced cognitive interview reduce eyewitness anxiety?

  By creating a comfortable interview environment
• What is a technique used in the enhanced cognitive interview to facilitate communication?

  Asking open-ended questions