Experimental method

• Experimental methods: Involves the manipulation of an independent variable to measure the affect on the dependent variable.
• Aims: A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate, the purpose of the study.
• Hypothesis: A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between variables to be investigated. Stated at the outset of any study.
• Directional hypothesis: States the direction of the difference or relationship.
• Non-directional hypothesis: Does not state the direction of the difference or relationship.
• Variables: Any ‘thing’ that can vary or change within the investigation. Variables are used in experiments to determine if changes in one thing results in changes in another.
• Independent variable: Some aspect of the experimental situation which is manipulated by the researcher, or changes naturally, so the effect on the dependant variable can be measured.
• Dependant variable: The variable which is measured by the researcher, any affect on the DV should be caused by the IV.
• Operationalisation of variables: Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured.