the kidney system

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The ways water leaves the human body
• What is the role of the kidney in the body?

  Maintaining concentration of substances in blood
• What should higher tier students explain regarding amino acids?

  How the body deals with excess amino acids
• What process was previously studied related to water movement?

  Osmosis
• What is osmosis?

  Diffusion of water through a membrane
• Why is it important to maintain water levels in the blood?

  To ensure cells work efficiently
• What happens if blood becomes too dilute?

  Water moves into cells by osmosis
• What occurs if blood becomes too concentrated?

  Water moves out of cells by osmosis
• How does the body take in water?

  Through food and drink
• What are the three ways the body loses water?

  Through lungs, sweat, and kidneys
• How does water loss occur via the lungs?

  When we exhale
• What does sweating involve besides water loss?

  Loss of ions and urea
• Why can't the body control water loss through sweating?

  It's part of temperature control system
• How do kidneys help in water loss?

  They control how much water is lost in urine
• What do kidneys remove from the blood?

  Urea, excess ions, and excess water
• What happens to blood after it leaves the kidneys?

  It contains no urea
• What is selectively absorbed in the kidneys?

  Glucose, some ions, and some water
• What happens to glucose concentration in blood after passing through kidneys?

  It remains unchanged
• How do kidneys adjust ion levels in the blood?

  By filtering and reabsorbing ions as needed
• What is the main job of the kidneys?

  To filter blood and remove waste
• What happens to urea concentration in blood after passing through kidneys?

  It falls to virtually zero
• What is the main waste product filtered by the kidneys?

  Urea
• What is the process called when the liver breaks down excess amino acids?

  Deamination
• How is urea produced in the body?

  Through deamination of excess amino acids
• Why is it important to regulate ion levels in the body?

  To prevent cell damage and maintain function
• What toxic chemical is produced during deamination?

  Ammonia
• What ions do we commonly get from our diet?

  Sodium and potassium ions
• How is ammonia dealt with in the body?

  Converted to urea by the liver
• How do we lose ions from our body?

  Through sweating
• What can urea be safely excreted by?

  The kidneys
• What is the primary way the body loses water?

  Through urine produced by the kidneys
• What are the main functions of the kidneys?

  • Remove waste products like urea
  • Adjust levels of water and ions
  • Maintain homeostasis in the body
• What happens to cells when there is too much water in the body?

  They swell and may burst
• What are the steps involved in the kidney's filtration process?

  1. Blood passes through capillaries
  2. Small molecules are filtered out
  3. Glucose, ions, and water are reabsorbed
  4. Urea, excess ions, and water are released as urine
• What is the process called where the kidneys filter blood?

  Filtration
• What are the consequences of imbalances in water levels in the body?

  • Cells may become too dilute or concentrated
  • Cells may not function efficiently
  • Can lead to dehydration or overhydration
• What is selectively reabsorbed in the kidneys?

  Glucose, some water, and ions
• What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?

  • Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids
  • Excess amino acids can be broken down
  • Deamination produces ammonia from excess amino acids
• How can we think of the process of selective reabsorption?

  Like cleaning out a house and keeping essentials
• What are the potential topics for the next video?

  • Endocrine system's role in water balance
  • Kidney dialysis
  • Kidney transplants