1.3

• Who was Herbert Packer?

  Stanford University law professor
• What did Herbert Packer construct in 1968?

  Two models of criminal justice
• What are the two models of criminal justice?

  Crime control and due process
• What is the primary aim of the crime control model?

  • Quick and efficient disposal of cases
  • Punish criminals to prevent further crimes
  • Focus on protecting victim rights
• Whose rights does the crime control model prioritize?

  Victims' rights
• What does the crime control model ensure for victims?

  Justice for the victim
• What is a consequence of prioritizing victims' rights?

  Contributes to protection and safety
• What does the due process model emphasize for defendants?

  Innocent until proven guilty
• What is a key belief of the crime control model regarding police powers?

  Police should have enhanced powers
• What approach is linked to the crime control model?

  Zero-tolerance approach in right realism
• What does the crime control model fail to address?

  Root causes of crime
• What legal technicalities support the crime control model?

  • Introduction of bad character evidence
  • Previous convictions information for courts
  • Removal of double jeopardy rule
  • Extended pre-charge defendant time
• Who was Colin Stagg?

  Wrongly accused due to profiling
• What was a significant issue in Colin Stagg's case?

  Intense police questioning without evidence
• What led to Colin Stagg's wrongful accusation?

  Tunnel vision by police
• Who was Barry George?

  Quickly apprehended to remove threat
• What was prioritized in Barry George's case?

  Protection of the community
• What was a consequence of the crime control model in Barry George's case?

  Minimized procedural safeguards
• What happened to Lindy Chamberlain's daughter?

  She was taken by a dingo
• What was the outcome of Lindy Chamberlain's second inquest?

  She was charged with murder
• What was a major flaw in Lindy Chamberlain's conviction?

  Based on circumstantial evidence
• What is the political alignment of the crime control model?

  Predominantly right wing
• What does Durkheim's theory suggest about punishment?

  Reinforces society’s moral boundaries
• What are the key features of the due process model?

  • Focus on presumption of innocence
  • Protecting legal rights of defendants
  • Limiting police powers to prevent oppression
  • Thorough investigation before conviction
• What legislations help protect defendants in the due process model?

  • Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
  • Recorded interviews and legal representation
  • Human Rights Act 1998
• What types of evidence are considered inadmissible?

  Hearsay, irrelevant, and bad character
• What does labelling theory suggest about the due process model?

  Police may harass labelled groups
• What are the key points of left realism in policing?

  • Militarised policing triggers confrontation
  • Police should act lawfully and non-discriminatory
  • Depends on community cooperation
• Who was Sion Jenkins?

  Accused of murdering foster daughter
• What was a significant issue in Sion Jenkins' trials?

  Jury never heard domestic violence claims
• Who was Gary Weddell?

  Ex-police officer accused of murder
• What happened to Gary Weddell after being granted bail?

  Murdered a witness and killed himself
• What does Gary Weddell's case suggest about bail decisions?

  Bail shouldn't have been granted
• Compare the crime control and due process models of criminal justice.

  Crime Control Model:

  • Prioritizes victims' rights
  • Quick disposal of cases
  • Enhanced police powers

  
  

  Due Process Model:

  • Protects defendants' rights
  • Presumption of innocence
  • Limited police powers