Psychological therapies

• What is a strength of CBT according to Sensky et al. (2000)?

  It works for those not responding to other treatments
• What did Sensky et al. (2000) find about CBT's effectiveness over time?

  Patients continued to improve nine months post-treatment
• What does the research by Sensky et al. (2000) suggest about CBT for schizophrenic patients?

  CBT is beneficial for those not helped by medication
• What were the groups compared in Tarrier et al. (2000) study?

  • CBT with drug therapy
  • Drug therapy alone
  • Counselling alone
• What did Tarrier et al. (2000) find regarding the effectiveness of CBT with drug therapy?

  Group 1 made more significant improvements
• What additional benefits were noted in research on combined treatments?

  Lower dropout rates and higher satisfaction
• What is a limitation of the previous research on CBT's effectiveness?

  CBT is used alongside drug treatment
• How can a study be designed to test the effectiveness of CBT alone?

  • Use a control group receiving no treatment
  • Randomly allocate participants to groups
  • Ensure blinding of assessors
• What did Jauhar et al. (2014) perform a meta-analysis on?

  50 studies of CBT for schizophrenia
• What did Jauhar et al. (2014) find regarding the therapeutic effect of CBT?

  Only a small therapeutic effect on symptoms
• What happened to the small effects found by Jauhar et al. (2014) when only blind trials were considered?

  They disappeared
• What methodological flaws did Jauhar et al. (2014) identify in the studies?

  Failing to randomly allocate participants
• What is a criticism of research into the effectiveness of CBT?

  It lacks validity
• What was the estimated societal cost of schizophrenia in 2004/05?

  6.7 billion pounds
• What was the direct cost of treatment and care for schizophrenia?

  About 2 billion pounds
• What were the indirect costs of schizophrenia to society?

  Nearly 4.7 billion pounds
• What was the cost of lost productivity due to schizophrenia?

  3.4 billion pounds
• Why is it important to consider the economic implications of treatments for schizophrenia?

  • High societal costs
  • Direct treatment costs
  • Indirect costs from lost productivity
• What percentage of people who could benefit from CBT are offered it in the UK?

  Only 1 in 10
• What did Haddock et al. (2013) find regarding the offering of CBTp?

  Only 6.9% of their sample received it
• What are the economic implications of CBTp being more expensive initially?

  It can have a longer effect and reduce further treatment
• How does CBTp allow people to return to work?

  By reducing symptoms effectively
• What is an issue with the availability of CBT?

  It is not widely offered despite its benefits