aging popualtion

• What is the overall trend of the U.K population?

  The U.K population is ageing.
• What does life expectancy refer to?

  Average length of time a person lives.
• What has led to increased life expectancy in the U.K?

  Falling mortality rates have contributed.
• What fraction of babies born in 2013 is expected to live to 100?

  1 in 3 babies.
• What is largely responsible for the improvement in life expectancy?

  Falling infant mortality rates.
• What is the definition of an ageing population?

  Increase in number and proportion of older people.
• What happens to the median age of a population as it ages?

  The median age increases.
• What is the total fertility rate (TFR) needed to replace the existing population?

  A TFR of 2.1 is needed.
• What proportion of the U.K population is expected to be over 65 by 2035?

  Almost a quarter.
• How has the proportion of over 85's changed since 1985?

  The proportion has doubled.
• What factors contribute to more people living past 65?

  Improvement in mortality rates and life expectancy.
• What occurs when the TFR falls below replacement level?

  An ageing population develops.
• What has caused the decline in fertility rates since the late 1970s?

  Falling TFR below replacement level.
• What demographic trend is expected as baby boomers age?

  The proportion of older people will increase.
• What are beanpole families?

  Families with several generations and fewer members.
• How does an ageing population affect the burden of care in society?

  It shifts the burden towards older people.
• What is the dependency ratio?

  Ratio of non-working age to working age population.
• What did Hirsch suggest regarding work and taxes for older people?

  People may need to work longer or pay more taxes.
• What competition do single pensioners face in housing?

  They compete with single young people for housing.
• What was the focus of the Griffiths Report in the 1980s?

  Long-term care of mentally ill and older members.
• What were the key changes in care for older people according to the Griffiths Report?

  1. Care shifted from NHS to social services.
  2. Movement away from institutionalization to home care.
• How has delivering health and social care in the home affected older people?

  It has improved their independence and comfort.
• What impact did the financial crisis in 2008 have on local councils?

  It resulted in cuts to services for older people.
• How is poverty in old age linked to social class and gender?

  Ageism increases, affecting older people's needs.
• What did Peter Townsend discover about older people and poverty?

  Higher proportion of older people are in poverty.
• What did Townsend argue about the underclass of pensioners?

  They can no longer rely on employment income.
• How does social class affect poverty in old age according to Townsend?

  Low status jobs lead to less savings and pensions.
• What does Pilcher argue about class and gender in retirement income?

  Women often have smaller pensions due to caregiving.
• What policies could the government create to help the ageing population?

  • Increase funding for elderly care services.
  • Implement tax incentives for caregivers.
  • Promote intergenerational housing solutions.