childhood

Cards (47)

  • What do sociologists argue about childhood?
    Childhood is a social construct
  • How do children differ from adults according to sociologists?
    In their values, behaviour, and attitudes
  • Is childhood viewed the same way in all parts of the world?
    No, childhood is not universal
  • What has changed in the U.K regarding the age to leave education?
    The age has changed from 12 to 18
  • What was the minimum legal age for marriage before 1929 in England and Wales?
    Girls could marry at 12, boys at 14
  • Who highlighted the separateness of childhood from other life phases?
    Jane Pilcher
  • What are children regulated and protected by?
    Special laws that differ from adults
  • What did Aries study to understand childhood?
    Paintings from different historical periods
  • According to Aries, when did the concept of childhood in Western society begin?
    In the last 300 years
  • How did children appear in medieval paintings according to Aries?
    As mini-adults
  • What change occurred in social attitudes with industrialization?
    Children began to be valued for care
  • What did Aries refer to as the 'cult of childhood'?
    The growing importance of childhood care
  • Who criticized Aries' work and why?
    Pollack criticized him for using paintings
  • What does the 'march of progress' argument suggest?
    Children's status has improved over time
  • Who is associated with the 'march of progress' view?
    Shorter
  • What did Donzelot argue about child development theories in the 19th century?
    They began to emphasize protection and supervision
  • What was the infant mortality rate in 1901?
    150 deaths per 1000 children
  • What was the infant mortality rate in 2012?
    3.9 deaths per 1000 children
  • How have family sizes changed over time?
    Families are getting smaller
  • What does the 'march of progress' view suggest about parents' desires for their children?
    Parents want a better life for their children
  • What laws protect children in society?
    Laws restricting sexual behaviour and work
  • What does the Children’s Act (1989) allow?
    State to take children from unsuitable parents
  • What percentage of children under 16 experienced sexual abuse according to Cawson et al (2000)?
    16%
  • What do child liberationists believe about society's treatment of children?
    Society oppresses children
  • What is 'age patriarchy' according to Diana Gittins?
    Adults maintain authority over children
  • What did Hockey and James note about childhood?
    Children wish to escape childhood
  • How does childhood vary according to class?
    Poverty affects health and life chances
  • What percentage of children in the U.K lived in low-income households in 2013-2014?
    17%
  • How do Asian families differ in their treatment of children according to Julian Brannen?
    Stricter with daughters than sons
  • What did Hillman et al. (1990) find about parental freedom given to boys and girls?
    Boys receive more freedom than girls
  • What did Bonke find about household chores among children?
    Girls do more chores than boys
  • How does Wagg describe the construction of childhood?
    It varies across historical and cultural societies
  • What responsibilities do children in Bolivia have according to Punch?
    Work responsibilities from age 5
  • How do children from Sudan differ from those in Western societies according to Katz?
    More freedom to explore their area
  • What do some sociologists argue about Western childhood?
    It is projected onto different cultures
  • What does Judith Ennew say about humanitarian work related to childhood?
    It often assumes Western childhood is correct
  • How is British society described in terms of childhood focus?
    More child-focused than ever
  • What international agreement recognizes children's unique human rights?
    United Convention on the Rights of the Child
  • What did the Child Support Act 1991 establish?
    Legal right for children to financial support
  • What is 'pester power' in relation to children?
    Children pressure parents to buy products