Module 2A

• Who introduced the term "Isotope"?

  Frederick Soddy
• • This set of elements differ in their number of neutrons 
  • Neutrons can be acquired more easily from the surroundings because the process does not change the charge and the identity of the element
  • Same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons 
  • Naturally occurring 


  Isotopes
• • Also known as RADIOISOTOPES can be produced from heavier elements 
  • Highly unstable 
  • Produced when an elements is bombarded with neutrons in an accelerator or in a nuclear core 
  • Most radioisotopes are useful in radioactive dating, while some are useful in the detection of tumors and diseases 


  Artificial Isotopes
• Be, B, F, Na,  - have no isotopes
• Ion

  charged elements
• Atomic No

  protons
• Mass Number

  Neutron + Proton
• have similar chemical properties but slightly different physical properties. 

  The number of neutrons affects its mass which affects the physical properties of the atom. 

  isotopes
• • Elements that have the same number of neutrons 
  • Isotones of some elements are selected as neutron sources if a naturally occurring element is incapable of acting like one 

  Isotones
• • Elements that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers 
  • Isobars of certain elements are used to avoid complications in chemical reactions and certain medical applications 

  Isobars
• USES OF RADIOISOTOPES 

  americium-241 - smoke detectors 

  californium-252 - detection of explosives 

  iodine-131 - treatment of thyroid diseases 

  carbon-14 - age estimation of carbon-containing compounds 

  uranium-238 - estimation of age of rocks
• What is the common name of C6H8O6?

  Vitamin C
• What is the common name of hydrated aluminum potassium sulfate?

  Tawas
• What is the chemical name of baking soda?

  Sodium bicarbonate
• What is the chemical name of dry ice?

  Solid Carbon Dioxide
• What is the common name of potassium bitartrate?

  Cream of tartar
• What is the common name of sodium hypochlorite?

  Bleach
• What is the common name of dichlorodifluoromethane?

  Freon (CCl2F2)
• What is the common name of Trihydroxy propanol?

  Glycerin (C3H8O3)
• What is the chemical name of oil of wintergreen?

  Methyl salicylate (C8H8O3)
• What is the chemical formula table sugar?

  C12H22O11