NERVOUS SYSTEM

• What allows your body to react quickly?

  The nervous system
• What are the functions of the spinal cord?

  • Controlling movement
  • Reporting senses
  • Managing reflexes
• What does the spinal cord control?

  Movement, senses, and reflexes
• What happens if the spinal cord is injured?

  It disrupts communication between brain and body
• What is the main function of the spinal cord?

  To carry nerve signals between brain and body
• What are the three types of neurons?

  Motor, sensory, and interneurons
• What do motor neurons do?

  Take signals to muscles for movement
• What is the role of sensory neurons?

  They send information from senses to the brain
• What do interneurons do?

  Communicate between motor and sensory neurons
• What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

  1. Somatic nervous system
  2. Autonomic nervous system
• What does the somatic nervous system control?

  Voluntary movements
• What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

  Involuntary movements
• What is the correct sequence of events in a reaction time experiment?

  Brain – Sensory neurons – Spinal cord – Motor neurons
• Why does a person react before feeling pain when touching a sharp object?

  The spinal cord processes reflexes faster than the brain
• What is the procedure for testing reaction time with a ruler?

  1. Partner holds a ruler
  2. Catch the ruler when dropped
  3. Record the distance caught
  4. Repeat with both hands and eyes closed
  5. Convert cm to seconds
  6. Compute average reaction time
• What is the main function of the endocrine system?

  To release hormones into the blood
• How many different hormones are in the body?

  More than 50
• What can trigger significant responses in the body?

  Very small amounts of hormones
• What are the functions regulated by hormones?

  • Metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Growth and development
  • Sexual function
  • Reproduction
  • Mood
• What is the role of the pineal gland?

  Produces melatonin
• Where is the pituitary gland located?

  At the base of the brain
• What does the thyroid gland control?

  Metabolism
• What hormone do parathyroid glands release?

  Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• What do adrenal glands manage?

  Metabolism and stress response
• What organs are part of the endocrine system?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Pancreas
  • Adipose tissue
  • Ovaries
  • Testicles
• What hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

  Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
• What is a feedback mechanism?

  A system that collects and exchanges information
• What is negative feedback?

  A control system that maintains stability
• What are the steps of a positive feedback mechanism?

  1. Stimulation
  2. Reception
  3. Processing
  4. Further activation of stimulus
• What does the male reproductive system include?

  Organs for reproduction and urination
• What does the male reproductive system contain?

  Internal and external parts
• What is feedback in a control system?

  A control system maintaining stability
• How does negative feedback function?

  It reduces or increases levels to stabilize
• What is homeostasis?

  The body's ability to maintain stability
• What are the steps of negative feedback?

  1. Stimulus: A change occurs
  2. Sensor: The change is detected
  3. Control systems: Adjust levels accordingly
• What is a positive feedback mechanism?

  A process amplifying changes in output
• What are other names for positive feedback?

  Positive feedback loop, self-reinforcing feedback
• What are the steps of a positive feedback mechanism?

  1. Stimulation
  2. Reception
  3. Processing
  4. Further activation of stimulus
• What are the internal parts of the male reproductive system?

  Vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra
• What hormones are crucial for male reproductive function?

  FSH, LH, testosterone