A01

• What was Schaffer and Emerson's study called?

  -Glasgow Baby Study 1964
• Who were the ppts

  -60 babies (31 male and 29 female)

  -all from Glasgow and mainly working class families
• What was the method

  -naturalistic and longitudinal

  -the mother and baby were visited their homes every month until the infant was 1 year and then again when the infant was 18 months
• What did the researcher do

  -asked the mother questions about the type of protest their baby makes in everyday separations (such as mother leaving the room)

  -they were looking at the infants attachment to caregiver and stranger anxiety
• What were the findings

  -between 25-32 weeks of age about 50% of the babies showed signs of seperation anxiety toward their caregiver (specific attachment)
• attachment tended to be..

  -with the person who was most interactive and sensitive to the infants signals and facial expressions (reciprocity)
• by the age of 40 weeks

  -70% of infants had a specific attachment and 30% had multiple attachments

  -based on the findings Schaffer and Emerson developed 4 stages of attachment
• Outline Stage 1 Asocial (the first few weeks)


  -baby is recognising and bonding with caregiver

  -baby responds to human objects and humans in a similar manner

  -they show some preference for familiar adults who can easily calm them and babies are happier when with these individuals
• Outline Stage 2 Indiscriminate attachment (2-7 months)


  -Baby displays more observable social behaviour

  -they prefer people to inanimate objects and recognise and prefer familiar humans

  -usually accepts cuddles and comfort from any adult and do not show separation or stranger anxiety
• Outline Stage 3 Specific attachment (around 7 months)


  -majority of infants start to display stranger anxiety and separation anxiety

  -the specific attachment is to the person who best responds to the infants needs and signals
• Outline Stage 4 Multiple Attachments (9 months-1 year)


  -infants start to have secondary attachments with people it sees on a regular basis.

  -29% of infants had a secondary attachment within a month of forming a specific attachment

  -by the age of 1 year the majority of infants had formed multiple attachments