eyes and the menstrual cycle

• What is the main focus of today's video?

  Reproductive hormones and the menstrual cycle
• What is puberty?

  The period of developing secondary sexual characteristics
• What triggers the process of puberty?

  Reproductive hormones
• What hormone is mainly responsible for male puberty?

  Testosterone
• Where is testosterone produced in men?

  In the testes
• What hormone is primarily responsible for female puberty?

  Estrogen
• Where is estrogen produced in women?

  In the ovaries
• What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle?

  1. Menstruation
  2. Uterus lining buildup
  3. Ovulation
  4. Maintenance of the uterus lining
• What is the average length of a menstrual cycle?

  Around 28 days
• What happens during menstruation?

  Breakdown of the uterus lining and bleeding
• How long does menstruation typically last?

  About four days
• What occurs in stage two of the menstrual cycle?

  The uterus lining builds up again
• How long does stage two last?

  Around ten days
• What is the purpose of the thick spongy layer in stage two?

  To prepare for a fertilized egg
• What is ovulation?

  The release of an egg from the ovaries
• How long does ovulation last?

  It takes place in a single day
• What happens in stage four of the menstrual cycle?

  Maintaining the lining of the uterus
• What occurs if no fertilized egg reaches the uterus?

  The uterus lining breaks down
• What happens if a fertilized egg implants into the uterus lining?

  The menstrual cycle stops
• What hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?

  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• What hormone stimulates the growth of the uterus lining?

  Estrogen
• What role does progesterone play in the menstrual cycle?

  Maintains the lining of the uterus
• Where are LH and FSH produced?

  In the pituitary gland
• What does FSH do in the menstrual cycle?

  Stimulates egg maturation in ovaries
• What does LH do during ovulation?

  Stimulates the release of the egg
• How do the hormones interact during the menstrual cycle?

  • FSH stimulates estrogen production
  • Estrogen inhibits FSH (negative feedback)
  • High estrogen levels stimulate LH release
  • Progesterone inhibits both LH and FSH
• What happens to FSH levels as estrogen increases?

  FSH levels decrease due to inhibition
• What triggers the LH spike?

  High levels of estrogen
• What happens if progesterone levels drop?

  The uterus lining breaks down
• What are receptor cells responsible for detecting?

  Stimuli
• Where are receptor cells found?

  In sense organs like eyes and skin
• Which sense organ is detailed in the IDC syllabus?

  The eye
• What must you know about the eye?

  Structure and function
• What does the eye do to focus on objects?

  It adjusts for distance and light
• What is the sclera?

  The tough white outer layer of the eyeball
• What is the function of the choroid?

  Stops internal reflection of light
• What is the most important layer of the eye?

  The retina
• What are rods and cones?

  Light-sensitive cells in the retina
• What happens at the blind spot?

  No light-sensitive cells are present
• What is the fovea?

  The area with the highest concentration of rods and cones