Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

Cards (32)

  • What are the two main types of cells?
    Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
  • Why are cells considered the building blocks of organisms?
    They make up all living things
  • How many cells make up a human body?
    Tens of trillions
  • What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?
    10 to 100 micrometers
  • Where is genetic material contained in eukaryotic cells?
    In the nucleus
  • What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
    They do not have a nucleus
  • What is the size range of bacterial cells?
    1 to 10 micrometers
  • What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus?
    Genetic material in the cytoplasm
  • What are the main subcellular structures in an animal cell?
    • Nucleus
    • Mitochondria
    • Ribosomes
    • Cytoplasm
    • Cell membrane
  • What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell?
    It controls the cell's activities
  • How is genetic material arranged in the nucleus?
    As chromosomes
  • What is the role of enzymes in the cytoplasm?
    They control chemical reactions
  • What is the function of the cell membrane?
    Controls movement of substances
  • What do receptor molecules on the cell membrane do?
    Bind to chemicals like hormones
  • What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?
    • Cell wall
    • Vacuole
    • Chloroplasts
  • Why do plant cells have a cell wall?
    To support and strengthen the cell
  • What does the vacuole in plant cells contain?
    Cell sap (sugar and salt solution)
  • What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
    Maintains internal pressure for rigidity
  • What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
    Site of photosynthesis
  • What pigment do chloroplasts contain?
    Chlorophyll
  • What do bacterial cells lack compared to animal and plant cells?
    A true nucleus
  • What do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus?
    Circular strands of DNA
  • What are plasmids in bacterial cells?
    Small loops of DNA with extra genes
  • How do plasmids help bacteria survive antibiotics?
    They may provide antibiotic resistance
  • What are flagella used for in bacteria?
    Movement in liquids
  • What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
    Made of peptidoglycan
  • What are the two types of bacteria mentioned?
    Escherichia coli and Streptococcus
  • How can bacterial infections be treated?
    Using antibiotics
  • What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
    Prokaryotic cells:
    • No nucleus
    • Smaller size (1-10 micrometers)
    • Simpler structure

    Eukaryotic cells:
    • Have a nucleus
    • Larger size (10-100 micrometers)
    • More complex structure
  • Animal and Plant cells are Eukaryotic. They contain:
    • Cell Membrans
    • Cytoplasm
    • Nucleus containing DNA
  • Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and are much smaller. They contain:
    • Cell wall
    • Cell membrane
    • Cytoplasm
    • Single circular strand of DNA and plasmids
  • Prefixes go before units of measurement
    Centi - multiply unit by 0.01
    Milli - multiply unit by 0.001
    Micro - multiply unit by 0.000001
    Nano - multiply unit by 0.000000001