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Paper 1
Topic 1 - Cell Biology
Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes
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Cards (32)
What are the two main types of cells?
Eukaryotic
and
prokaryotic
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Why are cells considered the building blocks of organisms?
They
make
up
all
living
things
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How many cells make up a human body?
Tens of
trillions
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What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?
10 to 100
micrometers
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Where is genetic material contained in eukaryotic cells?
In the
nucleus
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What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
They do not have a
nucleus
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What is the size range of bacterial cells?
1 to 10
micrometers
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What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus?
Genetic material in the
cytoplasm
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What are the main subcellular structures in an animal cell?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
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What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell?
It controls the
cell's
activities
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How is genetic material arranged in the nucleus?
As
chromosomes
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What is the role of enzymes in the cytoplasm?
They
control
chemical
reactions
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls movement of
substances
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What do receptor molecules on the cell membrane do?
Bind to chemicals like
hormones
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What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
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Why do plant cells have a cell wall?
To
support
and
strengthen
the cell
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What does the vacuole in plant cells contain?
Cell sap
(sugar and salt solution)
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What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Maintains
internal pressure
for rigidity
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What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Site of
photosynthesis
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What pigment do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll
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What do bacterial cells lack compared to animal and plant cells?
A
true nucleus
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What do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus?
Circular
strands of DNA
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What are plasmids in bacterial cells?
Small loops of DNA with extra
genes
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How do plasmids help bacteria survive antibiotics?
They may provide
antibiotic resistance
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What are flagella used for in bacteria?
Movement
in
liquids
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What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
Made of
peptidoglycan
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What are the two types of bacteria mentioned?
Escherichia coli
and
Streptococcus
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How can bacterial infections be treated?
Using
antibiotics
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What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells:
No
nucleus
Smaller size (1-10
micrometers
)
Simpler structure
Eukaryotic cells:
Have a nucleus
Larger size (10-100 micrometers)
More
complex
structure
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Animal
and
Plant
cells are
Eukaryotic
. They contain:
Cell Membrans
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
containing
DNA
Bacterial cells
are
prokaryotic
and are much smaller. They contain:
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Single circular strand of DNA
and
plasmids
Prefixes go before units of measurement
Centi
- multiply unit by
0.01
Milli
- multiply unit by
0.001
Micro
- multiply unit by
0.000001
Nano
- multiply unit by
0.000000001