Animal and Plant Cells

• What does the cell membrane do?

  Controls movement of substances in and out
• What surrounds the cytoplasm in an animal cell?

  Cell membrane
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  Solvent for chemical reactions to occur
• Where is the genetic material housed in a cell?

  Nucleus
• Which types of cells contain a nucleus?

  Animal and plant cells
• What is the powerhouse of the cell?

  Mitochondria
• What process occurs in the mitochondria?

  Aerobic respiration producing energy
• What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What additional structure do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  Cell wall
• What is the composition of the plant cell wall?

  Made of cellulose, a carbohydrate
• What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

  Contains sap and keeps cell turgid
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis to make glucose
• What distinguishes bacterial cells from plant and animal cells?

  No true nucleus, chloroplasts, or mitochondria
• What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?

  Made of peptidoglycan
• How is DNA organized in prokaryotic cells?

  Free-floating in the cytoplasm
• What type of DNA do bacterial cells have?

  Single-stranded DNA
• What are plasmids in bacterial cells?

  Circular loops of DNA in cytoplasm
• What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus
  • Prokaryotic cells have free-floating DNA
  • Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles
  • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles
• What are the organelles found in animal cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Mitochondria
• What additional organelles do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  • Cell wall
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• What are the sizes of bacterial, plant, and animal cells?

  • Bacterial cells: $0.5 \text{ to } 5 \mu m$
  • Animal cells: $10 \text{ to } 30 \mu m$
  • Plant cells: $10 \text{ to } 100 \mu m$
• How do the functions of cell walls differ between plant and bacterial cells?

  • Both provide rigidity
  • Plant cell walls are made of cellulose
  • Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan
• What is the significance of ribosomes in all cell types?

  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Fundamental for cell function
• What is the importance of chlorophyll in plant cells?

  • Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
  • Gives plants their green color
• What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells?

  • Contains sap (salts and sugars)
  • Helps keep the cell turgid
• Nucleus

  Contains DNA coding for particular protein needed to build new cells. Enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
• Cytoplasm

  Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes which are biological catalysts for example proteins that speed up the rate of reaction. Organelles are found in it.
• Cell membrane

  Controls what enters and laves the cells
• Mitochondria

  Where aerobic respiration reactions occur, providing energy for the cell.
• Ribosomes

  Where protein synthesis occurs. Found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• Chloroplasts (only in plant cells)

  Where photosynthesis takes place providing food for the plant. Contains chlorophyll pigment which makes it green and harvest the light needed for photosynthesis.
• Permanent vacuole (only in plant cells)

  Contains cell sap and is found within the cytoplasm. Improves the cells rigidity.
• Cell wall (only in plant cells)

  Made from cellulose and provide strength to the cell.